https://wiki.kerbalspaceprogram.com/api.php?action=feedcontributions&user=Japa&feedformat=atomKerbal Space Program Wiki - User contributions [en]2024-03-28T21:51:33ZUser contributionsMediaWiki 1.29.0https://wiki.kerbalspaceprogram.com/index.php?title=Kerbin&diff=23414Kerbin2013-08-01T07:56:32Z<p>Japa: /* Gallery */</p>
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<div>{{:Kerbin/Data}}<br />
<br />
'''Kerbin''' is the home planet of the [[Kerbal]]s, the location of the [[Kerbal Space Center|Space Center]], and the main focus of [[Kerbal Space Program]]. It is the [[w:Earth|Earth]] analog for the game. It has two [[moon]]s, named '''[[Mün]]''' and '''[[Minmus]]'''.<br />
<br />
Kerbin is the third planet in [[orbit]] around the star [[Kerbol]]. It is the third largest planet (after [[Jool]] and [[Eve]]) and the fourth largest celestial object around Kerbol (with [[Tylo]], a moon of Jool, being slightly larger).<br />
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Reaching a stable orbit around Kerbin is one of the first milestones a player might achieve in the game. Achieving such an orbit with a fuel-optimal ascent<ref>A fuel-optimal ascent is one which (a) minimizes velocity losses to gravity and [[atmosphere|atmospheric drag]] and (b) launches eastward (toward the 90 degree heading) to gain 174.5 m/s of orbital velocity for free, thanks to Kerbin's rotation.</ref> requires a [[delta-V]] of ≈4500 m/s,<ref>See [http://forum.kerbalspaceprogram.com/showthread.php/24017-Least-delta-v-to-orbit this challenge on the forum] and a popular [http://i.imgur.com/CEZS1.png Kerbin delta-V chart]</ref> the second largest of all celestial bodies with a solid surface after [[Eve]]. For many interplanetary missions, this represents over half of the flight's total delta-V requirement. This is also true of Earth-based interplanetary spaceflights, leading one observer to remark that:<br />
{{Quote|If you can get your ship into orbit, you're halfway to anywhere.|Robert Heinlein|quoted on page 194 of ''A Step Farther Out'' by Jerry Pournelle}}<br />
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== Topography ==<br />
[[File:Kerbin_heightmap.jpg|thumb|left|Topographical representation of Kerbin's surface as of .18.2. Click for high resolution. by Zeroignite]]<br />
Kerbin has a roughly equal distribution of surface liquid water and solid land, with polar icecaps and scattered deserts. There are mountains exceeding 4 km in height, with the tallest peak being just under 4044 m in altitude.<br />
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<br />
====Craters====<br />
[[File:KerbinCraterElevation.jpg|thumb|left|Terrain model centered on one of Kerbin's most pronounced craters]]<br />
Unlike other bodies in its system, Kerbin has few visible craters. This could be attributed to many causes. The environment would cause erosion of many geological features. Also due to its atmosphere, and large moon, fewer meteorites would make it to its surface. However, some geological formations would lead one to believe Kerbin has been subjected to violent collisions in the past. It has two features that appear to be impact craters, separated coincidentally by nearly 180 degrees. The least eroded, and presumably youngest, of the two (both are in excess of 100 km diameter) is located along the coastline. The uplift is easily visible as a series of islands and it has a central peak poking out of the water. The other, and older of the two, is located near the prime meridian in the northern hemisphere. It is more easily missed, but its uplift rims are visible and it has a central rebound peak.<br />
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== Atmosphere ==<br />
<!-- SPECULATION: Kerbin has an atmosphere of unknown composition, though because Kerbin has plants and animals, it can be assumed there is O<sub>2</sub>, N<sub>2</sub>, and CO<sub>2</sub>. -->Kerbin's [[atmosphere]] contains oxygen and extends to roughly 69,078 meters. Its atmosphere becomes exponentially less dense as altitude increases (with a scale height of 5 km).<ref>{{forum link|threadID=16000|threadName=&#91;KGSS&#93; Examining Kerbin's atmosphere}}</ref> In general, the atmospheric pressure on Kerbin, at an altitude expressed in meters, is:<br />
<br />
: <math>p_k = e^{-altitude/5000}</math><br />
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The thickness of Kerbin's atmosphere makes it suitable for [[aerobraking]] and using [[parachute]]s, useful for saving on fuel when spacecraft return to Kerbin. Note that debris is not affected by air resistance above approximately 10 km, so spent stages may continue in a stable orbit even if they are going through thick atmosphere that would stop an active craft (0.19). Crafts will experience re entry and supersonic air effects as of 0.19. This however will not damage or burn it.<br />
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The following table gives approximation of terminal velocities at different Kerbin altitudes. These are also the velocities at which a ship should travel for a fuel-optimal ascent from Kerbin, given the game's model of atmospheric drag.<ref>http://forum.kerbalspaceprogram.com/showthread.php/6664-Mini-challenge-max-altitude-with-this-supplied-spacecraft?p=100912&viewfull=1#post100912</ref><br />
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{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Altitude (m) !! Velocity (m/s)<br />
|-<br />
| 75 || 107<br />
|-<br />
| 1000 || 114<br />
|-<br />
| 2000 || 124<br />
|-<br />
| 3000 || 136<br />
|-<br />
| 4000 || 152<br />
|-<br />
| 5000 || 169<br />
|-<br />
| 6000 || 188<br />
|-<br />
| 7000 || 209<br />
|-<br />
| 8000 || 232<br />
|-<br />
| 9000 || 256<br />
|-<br />
| 10000 || 281<br />
|-<br />
| 12500 || 348<br />
|-<br />
| 15000 || 419<br />
|-<br />
| 20000 || 566<br />
|-<br />
| 32000 || 2250<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Orbits ==<br />
[[File:Screenshot39.png|thumbnail|left|A Stayputnik Orbiter]]<br />
[[w:Geosynchronous_orbit|Geosynchronous orbit]] is achieved at an altitude of {{OrbitAltitude | period_s=21600 | mass_kg=5.29157926281091e22 | radius_km=600}} and a speed of {{sigfigs|{{OrbitVelocity | period_s=21600 | mass_kg=5.29157926281091e22 | radius_km=600 |suffix=}}|7}} m/s. From a 70 km low equatorial orbit, the periapsis maneuver requires 676.5 m/s and the apoapsis maneuver requires 434.9 m/s. A [[w:semi-synchronous_orbit|semi-synchronous orbit]] with an orbital period of 1/2 of Kerbin's rotation period (3 hours or 10800 seconds) is achieved at an altitude of {{OrbitAltitude | period_s=10800 | mass_kg=5.29157926281091e22 | radius_km=600}} with an orbital velocity of<br />
{{sigfigs|{{OrbitVelocity | period_s=10800 | mass_kg=5.29157926281091e22 | radius_km=600 |suffix=}}|7}} m/s.<br />
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The [[w:Hill_radius|Hill Sphere]] (the radius around the planet at which moons are gravitationally stable) of Kerbin is 136 185km, or roughly 227 Kerbin radii.<br />
<div style="clear:left;"></div><br />
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== Interplanetary Travel ==<br />
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From the lowest stable orbit around Kerbin (70 km), the amount of delta-V needed to reach the orbits of other celestials is as follows:<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
!Body<br />
!Delta-V<br />
|-<br />
| [[Mun]]<br />
| ~860 m/s<br />
|-<br />
| [[Minmus]]<br />
| ~930 m/s<br />
|-<br />
| [[Eve]]<br />
| ~1033 m/s<br />
|-<br />
| [[Duna]]<br />
| ~1060 m/s<br />
|-<br />
| [[Moho]]<br />
| ~1676 m/s<br />
|-<br />
| [[Jool]]<br />
| ~1915 m/s<br />
|-<br />
| [[Eeloo]]<br />
| ~2100 m/s<br />
|-<br />
| [[KEO]] (comparison)<br />
| ~1120 m/s<br />
|}<br />
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== Reference Frames ==<br />
{{:Kerbin/RefFrame}}<br />
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== Gallery ==<br />
<gallery><br />
Kerbin ISA Topo 0 21.jpg |Topographical map of Kerbin as of {{version|0.21}}<br />
NJ6qJ.jpg | A projection map of Kerbin, as of {{version|0.14.1|}} and before (including the old demo).<br />
Kerbin color.png | An accurate full-colour projection map of Kerbin as of {{version|0.14.2|}} to {{version|0.17.1|}}<br />
KerbinDeltaVMap.png | A map displaying the delta V needed from/to Kerbin<br />
Kerbin_mun_minmus.jpg | Kerbin, Mün and Minmus.<br />
Kerbin,_Mun,_and_Minmus.jpeg | Kerbin with its two natural satellites, the Mun and Minmus, seen from KEO. Minmus can be seen just above the horizon of Kerbin on the left side of the picture.<br />
kerbin map 800.gif | A topographic heightmap of Kerbin made with the ISA MapSat plugin<br />
Kerbinmun500550km.png | Kerbin and the Mun, barely visible from ~500,550,000m<br />
Kerbin ISA Topo.png | Topographical image of Kerbin '''from 0.17.1'''. The terrain is slightly different in the latest version.<ref>http://forum.kerbalspaceprogram.com/entry.php/247-A-Brave-New-World</ref><br />
Kerbin r0 1.png | An unmanned probe on escape trajectory, flying past Kerbin, Mün and Minmus<br />
KerbalPolar1.png | Kerbin's North Pole<br />
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</gallery><br />
{{SpoilerBox<br />
|description=Spoiler images<br />
|content=<gallery><br />
Kermmunist_Launch_Site.png | The second launch site (currently unused).<br />
KEasterEgg.png | Kerbin from above with the Runway Easter Egg<br />
<br />
</gallery>}}<br />
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== Changes ==<br />
;{{Version|0.21|}}<br />
*Terrain revised to produce more detailed and interesting landforms.<br />
;{{Version|0.19.1|}}<br />
*Fixed ladders on the fuel tanks near the launchpad.<br />
;{{Version|0.19|}}<br />
*New mesh for the launchpad and area (no launchtower anymore).<br />
*New mesh for the runway, with lights and sloping edges for rovers.<br />
;{{Version|0.18|}}<br />
*Terrain overhaul: Entire planet redo. Deserts, darker and greener grass, islands, darker ocean/water, snow capped mountains. Looks more realistic.<br />
*Several [[List of easter eggs|Easter Eggs]] added.<br />
*Airport added to island off of KSC coastline. (Not a launching point)<br />
;{{Version|0.17|}}<br />
* Improved atmosphere visuals. <br />
;{{Version|0.15|}}<br />
* [[Minmus]] added.<br />
;{{Version|0.14.2|}}<br />
* Much more varied and taller terrain added. Prior to this, some mountain ranges exceeded 600 m in height, but the tallest point was at an altitude of approximately 900 m.<br />
;{{Version|0.12|}}<br />
* [[Mün]] added.<br />
;{{Version|0.11|}}<br />
* Terrain overhaul, oceans became wet.<br />
;{{Version|0.10.1|}}<br />
* Atmosphere extended from ~34,500 m to ~69,000 m.<br />
;{{Version|0.7.3|}}<br />
* Initial Release<br />
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== Trivia ==<br />
Kerbin's continents are derived from libnoise <ref> http://libnoise.sourceforge.net/examples/complexplanet/</ref>, though they have been increasingly modified with time.<br />
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== Notes ==<br />
<references /><br />
<br />
<br />
{{Celestial Bodies}}<br />
[[Category:Celestials]]<br />
[[Category:Planets]]</div>Japahttps://wiki.kerbalspaceprogram.com/index.php?title=File:Kerbin_ISA_Topo_0_21.jpg&diff=23411File:Kerbin ISA Topo 0 21.jpg2013-08-01T07:50:54Z<p>Japa: Topographical map of Kerbin as of 0.21.0
Main difference from previous versions is higher mountains</p>
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<div>Topographical map of Kerbin as of 0.21.0<br />
Main difference from previous versions is higher mountains</div>Japa