https://wiki.kerbalspaceprogram.com/api.php?action=feedcontributions&user=Nivk&feedformat=atomKerbal Space Program Wiki - User contributions [en]2024-03-28T10:24:43ZUser contributionsMediaWiki 1.29.0https://wiki.kerbalspaceprogram.com/index.php?title=Eve&diff=23801Eve2013-08-11T04:22:56Z<p>Nivk: /* Changes */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{:Eve/Data}}<br />
<br />
'''Eve''' is the second [[planet]] from [[Kerbol]], the second largest body orbiting it, and KSP's analogue for [[w:Venus|the planet Venus]]. It has one small moon, a captured asteroid called '''[[Gilly]]'''.<br />
<br />
Eve is the closest planet to [[Kerbin]] and potentially the easiest to reach, requiring the least [[delta-v]] of any planet. However, its slight relative inclination makes encounters a little harder than they otherwise would be, though this is somewhat mitigated by its large gravity well. It also has an extremely thick atmosphere (five times thicker than Kerbin's). The result is that transfers, aerocaptures and landings are easy, but takeoff and escape require the most delta-v of any celestial body with a solid surface.<br />
<br />
The combination of high gravity and thick atmosphere makes return missions from the sea level of Eve very difficult. It requires about 11,500 m/s of delta-v to get into orbit from sea level.<br />
<br />
== Topography ==<br />
<!-- This image is old. Please update it with a version from 0.18.<br />
[[File:Eve_isa_mapsat.png|thumb|right|A topographic map of Eve made with the ISA MapSat plugin]]<br />
--><br />
Eve has several oceans, among which lie large, flat continents. The terrain has a few mountain peaks, but mostly consists of rolling hills that resemble purple sand dunes. The composition of the violet liquid which fills the oceans and lakes is unknown, but it is unlikely to be water because the boiling point of water is slightly below the surface temperature, even when taking the high atmospheric pressure into account. According to the devs during a livestream, it was joked that the lakes were made of rocket fuel. Its tallest point is 6450 m above sea level and is just south of the equator, at 1.90° W, 11.86° S.<br />
<br />
== Atmosphere ==<br />
[[File:Atmosphere_kerbin_eve.png|thumb|left|A comparison of the atmospheres of Eve and Kerbin]]<br />
<br />
Eve's [[atmosphere]] begins at 96,708.6 m and is extremely dense: at 11,250 m, it's as thick as Kerbin's atmosphere at sea level (1 atm), and at Eve sea level the atmospheric pressure is 5 atm. Its atmospheric pressure fades exponentially, with a scale height of 7000 m. The atmosphere should be superheated due to the thick atmosphere trapping in heat, much like Venus, but this is not currently implemented.<br />
<br />
In general, the atmospheric pressure on Eve at an altitude expressed in meters is:<ref>A [[LV-N Atomic Rocket Engine|nuclear engine]] has a specific impulse of 220 in 1 atm or higher, 800 in vacuum, and the following at various Eve altitudes:<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
| altitude (m) || 11263 || 11268 || 11322 || 11598 || 11896 || 12200 || 12799 || 13868 || 14586 || 15292 || 16725 || 18711 || 22800 || 23556 || 32000 || 38000 || 43000 || 51963<br />
|-<br />
| specific impulse || 220 || 220.2 || 224.6 || 246.9 || 269.9 || 292.4 || 334.0 || 400.0 || 438.8 || 473.4 || 533.7 || 600.2 || 688.2 || 699.8 || 769.8 || 787.3 || 793.8 || 798.3<br />
|}</ref><br />
<br />
: <math>p_e = 5\ e^{-altitude/7000}</math><br />
<br />
From within Eve's atmosphere, the sky appears indigo during nighttime and a violet-purple color during daytime. During dawn and dusk, the sky is green. Given its purple coloration, the atmosphere is possibly composed of iodine.<br />
<br />
Jet engines do not function in Eve's atmosphere, since it contains no oxygen &mdash; they make noise and consume fuel, but they produce no thrust. Planes with other propulsion methods do, however, work very well, and are a great way to explore the planet. They work best between 35 km and 25 km where the atmosphere generates enough lift to glide and steer, but not enough drag to slow the aircraft excessively.<br />
<br />
As with version 0.17.1, an [[aerobraking]] maneuver arriving from Kerbin and resulting in orbit around Eve - without using fuel for braking - can be done aiming for a periapsis at approximately 72,500 m.<br />
<br />
The following table gives terminal velocities at different Eve altitudes. These are also the velocities at which a ship should travel for a fuel-optimal ascent from Eve, given the game's model of atmospheric drag.<ref>http://forum.kerbalspaceprogram.com/showthread.php/6664-Mini-challenge-max-altitude-with-this-supplied-spacecraft?p=100912&viewfull=1#post100912</ref><br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Altitude (m) !! Velocity (m/s)<br />
|-<br />
| 0 || {{sigfigs|{{VT|planet=Eve|alt=0}}|3}}<br />
|-<br />
| 1000 || {{sigfigs|{{VT|planet=Eve|alt=1000}}|3}}<br />
|-<br />
| 5000 || {{sigfigs|{{VT|planet=Eve|alt=5000}}|3}}<br />
|-<br />
| 10000 || {{sigfigs|{{VT|planet=Eve|alt=10000}}|3}}<br />
|-<br />
| 15000 || {{sigfigs|{{VT|planet=Eve|alt=15000}}|3}}<br />
|-<br />
| 20000 || {{sigfigs|{{VT|planet=Eve|alt=20000}}|3}}<br />
|-<br />
| 30000 || {{sigfigs|{{VT|planet=Eve|alt=30000}}|3}}<br />
|-<br />
| 40000 || {{sigfigs|{{VT|planet=Eve|alt=40000}}|3}}<br />
|-<br />
| 50000 || {{sigfigs|{{VT|planet=Eve|alt=50000}}|3}}<br />
|-<br />
| 60000 || {{sigfigs|{{VT|planet=Eve|alt=60000}}|3}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Natural satellites ==<br />
Eve's only natural satellite is the tiny captured asteroid [[Gilly]] in a highly eccentric and inclined orbit. Gilly is the smallest celestial body in the [[Kerbol]] system.<br />
<br />
== Orbital statistics ==<br />
A [[w:Geosynchronous_orbit|synchronous orbit]] of Eve requires an altitude of 10373.195 km and a velocity of 858.95 m/s.<br />
For a semisynchronous orbit of ½ Eve day (11.25 hours or 40500 seconds) an orbit of 6275.676 km above Eve is needed with a velocity of 1082.2 m/s.<br />
<br />
== Reference Frames ==<br />
{{:Eve/RefFrame}}<br />
<br />
== Gallery ==<br />
<gallery><br />
Eve.png|Orbiting Eve.<br />
File:Eve_and_gilly.jpg|Eve (mid-left) and Gilly.<br />
<!-- This image is old. Please update it with a version from 0.18. File:eve_map_800.gif|A topographic height map of Eve made with the ISA MapSat plugin. --><br />
File:Eve_landed_1.png|Eve landscape shot.<br />
File:Eve_landed_2.png|Another Eve landscape shot.<br />
File:screenshot91.png | A Kerbal dropped from space.<br />
File:Eve-sunrise.png | Sunrises and sunsets on Eve can be really beautiful, with colors ranging from green to yellow to pink.<br />
File:Eve-plane.png| An unmanned plane in Eve's atmosphere.<br />
File:Eve_r0_1.png|A manned rover landing on the surface of Eve.<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
== Bugs ==<br />
<br />
* Eve has higher gravity than [[Kerbin]], restricting a Kerbal's jump to only half a meter and making EVA jets useless. This being said, if a [[Kerbal]] falls from more than 4 m, they will hit the ground much harder than on Kerbin, which may cause them to clip into the terrain and accelerate away from Eve at phenomenal speed, usually sending the unlucky Kerbal on an escape trajectory from [[Kerbol]] if they are not killed by the fall. They may bring something into interstellar space with them if they hit an object instead of the ground.<br />
* [[Solar panel]]s can break on the surface of Eve even when retracted. This may be due to Eve's high gravity.<br />
* Rovers can be challenging to drive on Eve due to its gravity. The rover's wheels will easily break.<br />
<br />
*Landing legs on Eve can easily break because of Eve's high gravity.<br />
*When landing fast, craft will sometimes sink into the surface of Eve. This can be fixed by using landing legs to lift the ship up.<br />
<br />
== Changes ==<br />
;{{Version|0.21|}}<br />
* Terrain Tweaks &mdash; more land mass to the surface<br />
;{{Version|0.18|}}<br />
* Art pass.<br />
* Terrain tweaks &mdash; the tallest points are now about 6 km in altitude, compared to 11 km before.<br />
;{{Version|0.17|}}<br />
* Initial Release<br />
<br />
== Notes ==<br />
<references /><br />
<br />
{{Celestial Bodies}}<br />
[[Category:Celestials]]<br />
[[Category:Planets]]</div>Nivkhttps://wiki.kerbalspaceprogram.com/index.php?title=Eve&diff=23800Eve2013-08-11T04:22:16Z<p>Nivk: /* Changes */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{:Eve/Data}}<br />
<br />
'''Eve''' is the second [[planet]] from [[Kerbol]], the second largest body orbiting it, and KSP's analogue for [[w:Venus|the planet Venus]]. It has one small moon, a captured asteroid called '''[[Gilly]]'''.<br />
<br />
Eve is the closest planet to [[Kerbin]] and potentially the easiest to reach, requiring the least [[delta-v]] of any planet. However, its slight relative inclination makes encounters a little harder than they otherwise would be, though this is somewhat mitigated by its large gravity well. It also has an extremely thick atmosphere (five times thicker than Kerbin's). The result is that transfers, aerocaptures and landings are easy, but takeoff and escape require the most delta-v of any celestial body with a solid surface.<br />
<br />
The combination of high gravity and thick atmosphere makes return missions from the sea level of Eve very difficult. It requires about 11,500 m/s of delta-v to get into orbit from sea level.<br />
<br />
== Topography ==<br />
<!-- This image is old. Please update it with a version from 0.18.<br />
[[File:Eve_isa_mapsat.png|thumb|right|A topographic map of Eve made with the ISA MapSat plugin]]<br />
--><br />
Eve has several oceans, among which lie large, flat continents. The terrain has a few mountain peaks, but mostly consists of rolling hills that resemble purple sand dunes. The composition of the violet liquid which fills the oceans and lakes is unknown, but it is unlikely to be water because the boiling point of water is slightly below the surface temperature, even when taking the high atmospheric pressure into account. According to the devs during a livestream, it was joked that the lakes were made of rocket fuel. Its tallest point is 6450 m above sea level and is just south of the equator, at 1.90° W, 11.86° S.<br />
<br />
== Atmosphere ==<br />
[[File:Atmosphere_kerbin_eve.png|thumb|left|A comparison of the atmospheres of Eve and Kerbin]]<br />
<br />
Eve's [[atmosphere]] begins at 96,708.6 m and is extremely dense: at 11,250 m, it's as thick as Kerbin's atmosphere at sea level (1 atm), and at Eve sea level the atmospheric pressure is 5 atm. Its atmospheric pressure fades exponentially, with a scale height of 7000 m. The atmosphere should be superheated due to the thick atmosphere trapping in heat, much like Venus, but this is not currently implemented.<br />
<br />
In general, the atmospheric pressure on Eve at an altitude expressed in meters is:<ref>A [[LV-N Atomic Rocket Engine|nuclear engine]] has a specific impulse of 220 in 1 atm or higher, 800 in vacuum, and the following at various Eve altitudes:<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
| altitude (m) || 11263 || 11268 || 11322 || 11598 || 11896 || 12200 || 12799 || 13868 || 14586 || 15292 || 16725 || 18711 || 22800 || 23556 || 32000 || 38000 || 43000 || 51963<br />
|-<br />
| specific impulse || 220 || 220.2 || 224.6 || 246.9 || 269.9 || 292.4 || 334.0 || 400.0 || 438.8 || 473.4 || 533.7 || 600.2 || 688.2 || 699.8 || 769.8 || 787.3 || 793.8 || 798.3<br />
|}</ref><br />
<br />
: <math>p_e = 5\ e^{-altitude/7000}</math><br />
<br />
From within Eve's atmosphere, the sky appears indigo during nighttime and a violet-purple color during daytime. During dawn and dusk, the sky is green. Given its purple coloration, the atmosphere is possibly composed of iodine.<br />
<br />
Jet engines do not function in Eve's atmosphere, since it contains no oxygen &mdash; they make noise and consume fuel, but they produce no thrust. Planes with other propulsion methods do, however, work very well, and are a great way to explore the planet. They work best between 35 km and 25 km where the atmosphere generates enough lift to glide and steer, but not enough drag to slow the aircraft excessively.<br />
<br />
As with version 0.17.1, an [[aerobraking]] maneuver arriving from Kerbin and resulting in orbit around Eve - without using fuel for braking - can be done aiming for a periapsis at approximately 72,500 m.<br />
<br />
The following table gives terminal velocities at different Eve altitudes. These are also the velocities at which a ship should travel for a fuel-optimal ascent from Eve, given the game's model of atmospheric drag.<ref>http://forum.kerbalspaceprogram.com/showthread.php/6664-Mini-challenge-max-altitude-with-this-supplied-spacecraft?p=100912&viewfull=1#post100912</ref><br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Altitude (m) !! Velocity (m/s)<br />
|-<br />
| 0 || {{sigfigs|{{VT|planet=Eve|alt=0}}|3}}<br />
|-<br />
| 1000 || {{sigfigs|{{VT|planet=Eve|alt=1000}}|3}}<br />
|-<br />
| 5000 || {{sigfigs|{{VT|planet=Eve|alt=5000}}|3}}<br />
|-<br />
| 10000 || {{sigfigs|{{VT|planet=Eve|alt=10000}}|3}}<br />
|-<br />
| 15000 || {{sigfigs|{{VT|planet=Eve|alt=15000}}|3}}<br />
|-<br />
| 20000 || {{sigfigs|{{VT|planet=Eve|alt=20000}}|3}}<br />
|-<br />
| 30000 || {{sigfigs|{{VT|planet=Eve|alt=30000}}|3}}<br />
|-<br />
| 40000 || {{sigfigs|{{VT|planet=Eve|alt=40000}}|3}}<br />
|-<br />
| 50000 || {{sigfigs|{{VT|planet=Eve|alt=50000}}|3}}<br />
|-<br />
| 60000 || {{sigfigs|{{VT|planet=Eve|alt=60000}}|3}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Natural satellites ==<br />
Eve's only natural satellite is the tiny captured asteroid [[Gilly]] in a highly eccentric and inclined orbit. Gilly is the smallest celestial body in the [[Kerbol]] system.<br />
<br />
== Orbital statistics ==<br />
A [[w:Geosynchronous_orbit|synchronous orbit]] of Eve requires an altitude of 10373.195 km and a velocity of 858.95 m/s.<br />
For a semisynchronous orbit of ½ Eve day (11.25 hours or 40500 seconds) an orbit of 6275.676 km above Eve is needed with a velocity of 1082.2 m/s.<br />
<br />
== Reference Frames ==<br />
{{:Eve/RefFrame}}<br />
<br />
== Gallery ==<br />
<gallery><br />
Eve.png|Orbiting Eve.<br />
File:Eve_and_gilly.jpg|Eve (mid-left) and Gilly.<br />
<!-- This image is old. Please update it with a version from 0.18. File:eve_map_800.gif|A topographic height map of Eve made with the ISA MapSat plugin. --><br />
File:Eve_landed_1.png|Eve landscape shot.<br />
File:Eve_landed_2.png|Another Eve landscape shot.<br />
File:screenshot91.png | A Kerbal dropped from space.<br />
File:Eve-sunrise.png | Sunrises and sunsets on Eve can be really beautiful, with colors ranging from green to yellow to pink.<br />
File:Eve-plane.png| An unmanned plane in Eve's atmosphere.<br />
File:Eve_r0_1.png|A manned rover landing on the surface of Eve.<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
== Bugs ==<br />
<br />
* Eve has higher gravity than [[Kerbin]], restricting a Kerbal's jump to only half a meter and making EVA jets useless. This being said, if a [[Kerbal]] falls from more than 4 m, they will hit the ground much harder than on Kerbin, which may cause them to clip into the terrain and accelerate away from Eve at phenomenal speed, usually sending the unlucky Kerbal on an escape trajectory from [[Kerbol]] if they are not killed by the fall. They may bring something into interstellar space with them if they hit an object instead of the ground.<br />
* [[Solar panel]]s can break on the surface of Eve even when retracted. This may be due to Eve's high gravity.<br />
* Rovers can be challenging to drive on Eve due to its gravity. The rover's wheels will easily break.<br />
<br />
*Landing legs on Eve can easily break because of Eve's high gravity.<br />
*When landing fast, craft will sometimes sink into the surface of Eve. This can be fixed by using landing legs to lift the ship up.<br />
<br />
== Changes ==<br />
;{{Version|0.21|}}<br />
* Minor Terrain Tweaks &mdash; more land mass to the surface<br />
;{{Version|0.18|}}<br />
* Art pass.<br />
* Terrain tweaks &mdash; the tallest points are now about 6 km in altitude, compared to 11 km before.<br />
;{{Version|0.17|}}<br />
* Initial Release<br />
<br />
== Notes ==<br />
<references /><br />
<br />
{{Celestial Bodies}}<br />
[[Category:Celestials]]<br />
[[Category:Planets]]</div>Nivkhttps://wiki.kerbalspaceprogram.com/index.php?title=Duna&diff=23799Duna2013-08-11T04:19:58Z<p>Nivk: Added extra infomation</p>
<hr />
<div>{{:Duna/Data}}<br />
<br />
'''Duna''' is the fourth planet of the [[Kerbol System|Kerbol star system]]. It is the [[w:Mars|Mars]] analog for Kerbal Space Program and is mostly red with polar icecaps. It has one natural satellite, the [[moon]] '''[[Ike]]'''. Due to Ike's size and proximity, Ike and Duna are tidally locked to each other.<br />
<br />
With proper aerobraking, a round trip from [[Kerbin]] to Duna's orbit and back requires roughly 1700 m/s of [[Terminology#Physics|delta-v]], less than a round trip to any other planet. Duna is often the easiest planet to achieve encounters because of a low orbital inclination.<br />
<br />
== Topography ==<br />
[[File:Duna Topo ISA 3200x1600 compressed.png|thumb|left|A topographic map of Duna made with the ISA MapSat plugin]]<br />
Duna's terrain ranges in altitude from 23 to 4740 meters. Its mountainous ranges are a peril to landing craft, especially considering the thin atmosphere, where very little aerobraking can be done safely. Duna's icy poles are quite expansive and are the result of a thin atmosphere. <br />
<br />
Duna has several craters, but they appear quite eroded, presumably from wind.<br />
<br />
There are several [[w:Lunar maria|maria]] (large regions of dark soil) at exactly 0 meters altitude. Their flatness and low altitude which allow for more aerobraking make them easy but boring landing locations. These could've been lakes when the planet may have had liquid on it's surface in the past<br />
<br />
Duna's surface contains [[List of easter eggs#Duna|anomolous features]].<br />
<br />
== Atmosphere ==<br />
[[File:Atmosphere_kerbin_duna.png|thumb|left|A comparison of the atmospheres of Duna and Kerbin]]<br />
<br />
Duna's [[atmosphere]] begins at 41,446 m. It is only 20% as dense as [[Kerbin|Kerbin's]] at altitude 0 and is even less dense (relative to Kerbin) at higher altitudes. This effect becomes especially noticeable at Duna's highest points, where its atmosphere is only 21% as dense as its atmosphere at altitude 0. (For comparison, on Kerbin, the atmosphere at the highest peaks is 45% as thick as at sea level.) This lack of density will cause parachutes to semi-deploy much lower, just over 10km for the [[Mk25 parachute|Mk25]] and just under 9km for all the other parachutes.<br />
<br />
<div style="clear:left;"></div><br />
<br />
=== Landing ===<br />
When landing on Duna, [[aerobraking]] can reduce orbital and surface velocity greatly, saving fuel. For best results, an aerobraking maneuver should maximize time spent in the atmosphere by entering at a shallow angle and aiming for a landing location in a low-lying area.<br />
<br />
Like all atmospheres in the game, Duna's atmosphere fades exponentially with increasing altitude (with a scale height of 3000 m). In general, the atmospheric pressure on Duna at an altitude expressed in meters is:<ref>A [[LV-N Atomic Rocket Engine|nuclear engine]] has a specific impulse of 220 in 1 atm, 800 in vacuum, and the following at various Duna altitudes:<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
! altitude (m)<br />
| 2 || 100 || 300 || 500 || 1460 || 2420 || 3000 || 4272 || 5000 || 10000<br />
|-<br />
! specific impulse<br />
| 684.1 || 687.8 || 695.1 || 701.8 || 728.7 || 748.2 || 757.3 || 772.1 || 778.1 || 795.9<br />
|}</ref><br />
<br />
: <math>p_d = 0.2\ e^{-altitude/3000}</math><br />
<br />
Parachutes work at lower efficiency than on Kerbin, making powered descent necessary when landing from orbit (unless you have enough drag/parachutes).<br />
[[File:Duna colony.png|thumb|A nine Kerbal colony on Duna]]<br />
<br />
=== Flying ===<br />
<br />
The atmosphere of Duna might be thin, but on heights below 5 km it is thick enough that wings can generate enough lift to make aerodynamic flight possible. Jet engines don't work due to lack of oxygen, but other propulsion methods work well. Performing a horizontal landing with a plane is also possible.<br />
<br />
=== Starting ===<br />
<br />
An ascent to Low Duna Orbit from the surface typically requires around 1500 to 2000 m/s in Delta-V, leaving you in an orbit at 42km altitude traveling at roughly 950 m/s.<br />
<br />
The following table gives terminal velocities at different Duna altitudes. These are also the velocities at which a ship should travel for a fuel-optimal ascent from Duna, given the game's model of atmospheric drag.<ref>http://forum.kerbalspaceprogram.com/showthread.php/6664-Mini-challenge-max-altitude-with-this-supplied-spacecraft?p=100912&viewfull=1#post100912</ref><br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Altitude (m) !! Velocity (m/s)<br />
|-<br />
| 0 || {{sigfigs|{{VT|planet=Duna|alt=0}}|3}}<br />
|-<br />
| 1000 || {{sigfigs|{{VT|planet=Duna|alt=1000}}|3}}<br />
|-<br />
| 2000 || {{sigfigs|{{VT|planet=Duna|alt=2000}}|3}}<br />
|-<br />
| 3000 || {{sigfigs|{{VT|planet=Duna|alt=3000}}|3}}<br />
|-<br />
| 5000 || {{sigfigs|{{VT|planet=Duna|alt=5000}}|3}}<br />
|-<br />
| 8000 || {{sigfigs|{{VT|planet=Duna|alt=8000}}|3}}<br />
|-<br />
| 10000 || {{sigfigs|{{VT|planet=Duna|alt=10000}}|3}}<br />
|-<br />
| 13000 || {{sigfigs|{{VT|planet=Duna|alt=13000}}|3}}<br />
|-<br />
| 15000 || {{sigfigs|{{VT|planet=Duna|alt=15000}}|3}}<br />
|-<br />
| 20000 || {{sigfigs|{{VT|planet=Duna|alt=20000}}|3}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Tracking Station Info ==<br />
<br />
Also known as the red dot that you can see if you squint really hard, Duna has long been a wonder to Kerbalkind.<br />
The planet has been held in much awe, due to its striking red color and stark contrast to the color green.<br />
<br />
== Orbital Statistics ==<br />
The [[w:geosynchronous_orbit|geosynchronous orbit]] of Duna is at an altitude of<br />
{{OrbitAltitude | period_s=65517.859375 | mass_kg=4.51548115036107e21 | radius_km=320 | round=round2}} above Duna. The speed of the satellite is<br />
{{OrbitVelocity | period_s=65517.859375 | mass_kg=4.51548115036107e21 | radius_km=320 | round=round2}} and it has an orbital period resonating with 1 Duna day (18.2 hours or 65517.859375 seconds). However, this is the same altitude at which Ike orbits, so unless a ship's orbit is perfectly precise, it will eventually be captured by Ike.<br />
<br />
For a [[w:semi-synchronous_orbit|semi-synchronous orbit]] of ½ Duna day (9.1 hours or 32758.9295 seconds) an orbit of<br />
{{OrbitAltitude | period_s=32758.9296875 | mass_kg=4.51548115036107e21 | radius_km=320 | round=round2}} above Duna is needed with a velocity of<br />
{{OrbitVelocity | period_s=32758.9296875 | mass_kg=4.51548115036107e21 | radius_km=320 | round=round2}}.<br />
<br />
== Observation of Ike ==<br />
<br />
Ike's orbit keeps it directly above a short range of Duna longitudes. The average Duna longitude where Ike tends to stay directly above in the sky (at the [[w:Zenith|Zenith]]) is 6 degrees east, but the exact longitude oscillates between about 2 degrees and 10 degrees east due to the eccentricity of Ike's orbit. This eccentricity also makes Ike appear to grow slightly larger and smaller to an observer on the surface of Duna. The latitude for which Ike is in the Zenith also oscillates between 0.2 degrees south and 0.2 degrees north due to Ike's orbital inclination, making Ike appear to rotate upwards and downwards as viewed from the surface, but due to the extremely small orbital inclination, this effect is nearly imperceptible. These phenomena together are known as [[w:libration|libration]]. Due to the oscillation in Ike's position above the horizon, areas from 88°W to 80°W and 92°E to 100°E on Duna can observe Ike rise and set at least partially across the horizon, as can any areas north of 89.8°N or south of 89.8°S.<br />
<br />
== Interplanetary Travel ==<br />
<br />
From altitude orbit around Duna, the amount of delta-V needed to reach the orbits of other celestials is as follows:<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
!Body<br />
!colspan="2"|Delta-V<br />
|-<br />
| [[Ike]]<br />
|colspan="2"| ~300 m/s<br />
|-<br />
| [[Kerbin]]<br />
|colspan="2"| ~620 m/s<br />
|-<br />
| [[Dres]]<br />
|colspan="2"| ~820 m/s<br />
|-<br />
| [[Eve]]<br />
|colspan="2"| ~1080 m/s<br />
|-<br />
| [[Jool]]<br />
|colspan="2"| ~1350 m/s<br />
|-<br />
| [[Eeloo]]<br />
|colspan="2"| ~1580 m/s<br />
|-<br />
<br />
| [[Moho]]<br />
|colspan="2"| ~2100 m/s<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Reference Frames ==<br />
{{:Duna/RefFrame}}<br />
<br />
== Gallery ==<br />
<gallery><br />
File:Parachute_Descent.png|Parachute descent down to Duna surface. <br />
File:ISA_over_Duna.png|ISA satellite in orbit over Duna being used to map the planet surface.<br />
File:DunaSurface.png|Duna's surface at Dawn.<br />
File:Duna_and_ike.jpg|Duna and Ike.<br />
File:Duna_map_800.gif|A topographic height map of Duna made with the ISA MapSat plugin<br />
File:DoonaMap.png|A color map of Duna<br />
File:Duna_Sunrise.png|Duna at [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7czFsEpe4Ww&feature=youtu.be sunrise]<br />
File:Duna-sinkhole.png|A rover at the edge of one of the "sinkholes"<br />
File:Thepoopscooperduna1.png|Bill, his capsule, a flag, and Ike are all in this picture<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
== Changes ==<br />
;{{Version|0.21|}}<br />
* Art Pass<br />
;{{Version|0.18|}}<br />
* Minor art pass<br />
;{{Version|0.17|}}<br />
* Initial Release<br />
<br />
== Trivia ==<br />
* Duna's name may be either a reference to its desert landscape or a shout-out to the Frank Herbert novel ''Dune''.<br />
* The low-lying areas near Duna's equator make a shape resembling Europe.<br />
{{SpoilerBox<br />
|description=Anomalous features<br />
|content=<br />
* On the surface of Duna, there is a large monument carved in the likeness of a [[List of easter eggs#Duna|Kerbal face]], alluding to the infamous "Face of Mars" discovered in the Cydonia Mensae region of Mars during the 1970's. <br />
* Buried deep under the surface, there is a small camera, similar to the design on the Pathfinder rover.<br />
* One anomalous feature on Duna is a small, pyramid-like hill emitting an SSTV signal. When decrypted, it shows a diagram-like image of three figures standing next to the hill itself, implying that Duna was once inhabited or visited before.<br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Notes ==<br />
<references /><br />
<br />
{{Celestial Bodies}}<br />
[[Category:Celestials]]<br />
[[Category:Planets]]</div>Nivkhttps://wiki.kerbalspaceprogram.com/index.php?title=Eve&diff=23462Eve2013-08-03T03:28:12Z<p>Nivk: /* Changes */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{:Eve/Data}}<br />
<br />
'''Eve''' is the second [[planet]] from [[Kerbol]], is the second largest body orbiting it and is KSP's analogue for [[w:Venus|the planet Venus]]. It has one small moon, a captured asteroid called '''[[Gilly]]'''.<br />
<br />
Eve is the closest planet to [[Kerbin]] and potentially the easiest to reach, requiring the least [[delta-v]] of any planet. However, a slight inclination relative to Kerbin makes encounters slightly harder. Having a similar size to Kerbin gives it a large gravity well. The result is that it requires the most delta-v of any celestial body with a solid surface to escape from it. Its thick atmosphere (five times thicker than Kerbin's) makes aerocaptures and landings easy, but makes a launch from sea level harder because most fuel will be wasted on overcoming atmospheric friction.<br />
<br />
The combination of high gravity and thick atmosphere makes return missions from the sea level of Eve very difficult. It requires about 11,500 m/s of delta-v to get into orbit from sea level.<br />
<br />
== Topography ==<br />
<!-- This image is old. Please update it with a version from 0.18.<br />
[[File:Eve_isa_mapsat.png|thumb|right|A topographic map of Eve made with the ISA MapSat plugin]]<br />
--><br />
Eve has several oceans and large, flat continents with a few mountain peaks. The composition of the liquid which fills the oceans and lakes is unknown, but it is unlikely to be water because the boiling point of water is slightly below the surface temperature, even when taking the high atmospheric pressure into account. According to the devs during a livestream, it was joked that the lakes were made of rocket fuel. The land masses look like purple sand dunes. Its tallest point is 6450 m above sea level and is just south of the equator, at 1.90° W, 11.86° S.<br />
<br />
== Atmosphere ==<br />
[[File:Atmosphere_kerbin_eve.png|thumb|left|A comparison of the atmospheres of Eve and Kerbin]]<br />
<br />
Eve's [[atmosphere]] begins at 96,708.6 m and is extremely dense: at 11,250 m, it's as thick as Kerbin's atmosphere at sea level (1 atm), and at Eve sea level the atmospheric pressure is 5 atm. Its atmospheric pressure fades exponentially, with a scale height of 7000 m. The atmosphere should be superheated due to the thick atmosphere trapping in heat, much like Venus.<br />
<br />
In general, the atmospheric pressure on Eve at an altitude expressed in meters is:<ref>A [[LV-N Atomic Rocket Engine|nuclear engine]] has a specific impulse of 220 in 1 atm or higher, 800 in vacuum, and the following at various Eve altitudes:<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
| altitude (m) || 11263 || 11268 || 11322 || 11598 || 11896 || 12200 || 12799 || 13868 || 14586 || 15292 || 16725 || 18711 || 22800 || 23556 || 32000 || 38000 || 43000 || 51963<br />
|-<br />
| specific impulse || 220 || 220.2 || 224.6 || 246.9 || 269.9 || 292.4 || 334.0 || 400.0 || 438.8 || 473.4 || 533.7 || 600.2 || 688.2 || 699.8 || 769.8 || 787.3 || 793.8 || 798.3<br />
|}</ref><br />
<br />
: <math>p_e = 5\ e^{-altitude/7000}</math><br />
<br />
From within Eve's atmosphere, the sky appears indigo during nighttime. During dawn and dusk, the sky is green. The atmosphere is possibly composed of iodine, given its purple coloration.<br />
<br />
Jet engines do not function in Eve's atmosphere, since it contains no oxygen &mdash; they make noise and consume fuel, but they produce no thrust. Planes with other propulsion methods do however work very well in Eves atmosphere and are a great way to explore the planet. Try to stay on a height between 35 km and 25 km where the atmosphere generates enough lift to glide and steer, but not so much drag that it slows you down too much.<br />
<br />
As with version 0.17.1, an [[aerobraking]] maneuver arriving from Kerbin and resulting in to orbit around Eve - without using fuel for braking - can be done aiming for at periapsis at approximately 72,500 m.<br />
<br />
The following table gives terminal velocities at different Eve altitudes. These are also the velocities at which a ship should travel for a fuel-optimal ascent from Eve, given the game's model of atmospheric drag.<ref>http://forum.kerbalspaceprogram.com/showthread.php/6664-Mini-challenge-max-altitude-with-this-supplied-spacecraft?p=100912&viewfull=1#post100912</ref><br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Altitude (m) !! Velocity (m/s)<br />
|-<br />
| 0 || {{sigfigs|{{VT|planet=Eve|alt=0}}|3}}<br />
|-<br />
| 1000 || {{sigfigs|{{VT|planet=Eve|alt=1000}}|3}}<br />
|-<br />
| 5000 || {{sigfigs|{{VT|planet=Eve|alt=5000}}|3}}<br />
|-<br />
| 10000 || {{sigfigs|{{VT|planet=Eve|alt=10000}}|3}}<br />
|-<br />
| 15000 || {{sigfigs|{{VT|planet=Eve|alt=15000}}|3}}<br />
|-<br />
| 20000 || {{sigfigs|{{VT|planet=Eve|alt=20000}}|3}}<br />
|-<br />
| 30000 || {{sigfigs|{{VT|planet=Eve|alt=30000}}|3}}<br />
|-<br />
| 40000 || {{sigfigs|{{VT|planet=Eve|alt=40000}}|3}}<br />
|-<br />
| 50000 || {{sigfigs|{{VT|planet=Eve|alt=50000}}|3}}<br />
|-<br />
| 60000 || {{sigfigs|{{VT|planet=Eve|alt=60000}}|3}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Natural satellites ==<br />
Eve's only natural satellite is the tiny captured asteroid [[Gilly]] in a highly eccentric and inclined orbit. Gilly is the smallest celestial body in the [[Kerbol]] system.<br />
<br />
== Orbital statistics ==<br />
A [[w:Geosynchronous_orbit|synchronous orbit]] of Eve requires an altitude of 10373.195 km and a velocity of 858.95 m/s.<br />
For a semisynchronous orbit of ½ Eve day (11.25 hours or 40500 seconds) an orbit of 6275.676 km above Eve is needed with a velocity of 1082.2 m/s.<br />
<br />
== Reference Frames ==<br />
{{:Eve/RefFrame}}<br />
<br />
== Gallery ==<br />
<gallery><br />
Eve.png|Orbiting Eve.<br />
File:Eve_and_gilly.jpg|Eve (mid-left) and Gilly.<br />
<!-- This image is old. Please update it with a version from 0.18. File:eve_map_800.gif|A topographic height map of Eve made with the ISA MapSat plugin. --><br />
File:Eve_landed_1.png|Eve landscape shot.<br />
File:Eve_landed_2.png|Another Eve landscape shot.<br />
File:screenshot91.png | A Kerbal dropped from space<br />
File:Eve-sunrise.png | Sunrises and sunsets on Eve can be really beautiful with colors ranging from green to yellow to pink.<br />
File:Eve-plane.png| An unmanned plane in Eve's atmosphere<br />
File:Eve_r0_1.png|A manned rover landing on the surface of Eve.<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
== Bugs ==<br />
<br />
* Eve has higher gravity than [[Kerbin]], restricting Kerbals jump to only half a meter and making EVA Jets useless. This being said, if a [[Kerbal]] falls from more than 4 m, they will hit the ground much harder than on Kerbin, which may cause the Kerbal to clip the ground and accelerate away from Eve at phenomenal speed, usually sending the unlucky Kerbal on escape trajectory from [[Kerbol]] if they are not killed by the fall. They may bring something into interstellar space with them if they hit an object instead of the ground.<br />
* [[Solar panel]]s can break on the surface of Eve even when retracted. This may be due to Eve's high gravity.<br />
* Rovers can be challenging to drive on Eve due to it's large gravity. The rover's wheels will easily break.<br />
<br />
*Landing legs on Eve can easily break because of Eve's high gravity.<br />
*When landing fast, crafts will sometimes sink into the surface of Eve. This can be fixed by using landing legs to lift the ship up.<br />
<br />
== Changes ==<br />
:{{Version|0.21|}}<br />
* Minor Terrain Tweaks, adding more land mass to the surface<br />
;{{Version|0.18|}}<br />
* Art pass.<br />
* Terrain tweaks &mdash; the tallest points are now about 6 km in altitude, compared to 11 km before.<br />
;{{Version|0.17|}}<br />
* Initial Release<br />
<br />
== Notes ==<br />
<references /><br />
<br />
{{Celestial Bodies}}<br />
[[Category:Celestials]]<br />
[[Category:Planets]]</div>Nivkhttps://wiki.kerbalspaceprogram.com/index.php?title=List_of_easter_eggs&diff=23461List of easter eggs2013-08-03T03:24:54Z<p>Nivk: /* Main Menu */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Spoiler}}<br />
<br />
There are numerous anomalous formations on the surfaces of bodies in the [[Kerbol System]]. Some remain undiscovered as of today.<br />
<br />
=[[Kerbol]]=<br />
<br />
*None known<br />
<br />
==[[Moho]]==<br />
<br />
*There are large, steep vertical "tunnels" that could be considered easter eggs, and anomalous forces are present around the rim of each tunnel.<br />
<br />
==[[Eve]]==<br />
<br />
*None known<br />
<br />
===[[Gilly]]===<br />
<br />
*None known<br />
<br />
==[[Kerbin]]==<br />
<br />
*Five Monoliths<br />
*Second Kerbal Space Center<br />
*Memorial to the Mk1 Command Pod<br />
*A temple in the desert<br />
*A crashed flying saucer on northern ice cap<br />
*Scorched Mk1 Command Pod, Liquid fuel tank and LV-T45 rocket in a hangar on the Island Airport <br />
===[[Mun]]===<br />
<br />
*Three monoliths<br />
*Three mun Arches - One mun arch was underground, but that has been fixed as of 0.18.<br />
*Neil Armstrong Memorial<br />
*Crashed Flying Saucer<br />
<br />
===[[Minmus]]===<br />
<br />
*One floating monolith<br />
<br />
==[[Duna]]==<br />
<br />
*Giant Kerbal face<br />
*The camera which looks like that of the [[w:Curiosity (rover)|Curiosity]] rover<!--see comparison pictures of discussion page before you change it to Spirit or Opportunity-->, buried in the soil (appears to be underground, as of at least 0.19.1)<br />
*Hill making SSTV signal<br />
<br />
===[[Ike]]===<br />
<br />
*Magic Boulder - There is a monolith on the boulder. Boulder contains strange clipping boundaries that can result in your ship exploding seemingly spontaneously.<br />
<br />
==[[Dres]]==<br />
<br />
*None known<br />
<br />
==[[Jool]]==<br />
<br />
*None known<br />
<br />
===[[Laythe]]===<br />
<br />
*None known<br />
<br />
===[[Vall]]===<br />
<br />
*Stonehenge formation at south pole<br />
<br />
===[[Tylo]]===<br />
<br />
*Crater with Carl Sagan's face<br />
*Cave-like underground formation<br />
<br />
===[[Bop]]===<br />
<br />
*Dead [[Deep Space Kraken]]<br />
<br />
===[[Pol]]===<br />
<br />
*None known<br />
<br />
==[[Eeloo]]==<br />
<br />
*None known<br />
<br />
==[[IVA]]==<br />
<br />
* Some of the cockpits have post-it notes and other humorous writings inside them. The writing is somewhat blurry and hard to read, but still legible. For transcripts of the notes, see the respective part pages.<br />
<br />
==Main Menu==<br />
One of the two main menu images is that of a [[Kerbal]] standing on the Mun's surface, with Kerbin in the background. There is a 1/60 chance that a sand castle made of Mun dust can be seen at his feet.<br />
<br />
==Gallery==<br />
{{Stub}}</div>Nivkhttps://wiki.kerbalspaceprogram.com/index.php?title=Tutorial:LF_Laythe&diff=14902Tutorial:LF Laythe2013-05-04T12:28:05Z<p>Nivk: /* Why Travel to Laythe? */</p>
<hr />
<div>[[File:LF_Laythe_Orbit.png|thumb|225px|right|Orbiting Laythe]]<br />
<br />
Thanks for reading this "Let's Fly!" tutorial for help in getting you to [[Laythe]], the first moon in the [[Jool]] system! This guide assumes that you have a basic knowledge of [[Orbital_and_physics_terms|orbital terms]] and how to fly a spaceship (including use of the maneuver nodes), but not much else. Of course, if you're more advanced, you could always learn a thing or two anyway! The point of the "Let's Fly!" series of tutorials is to be as thorough as possible, and as such, you may have a firm handle on some of this information. Also, please keep in mind that this is just one of many ways to get to Laythe, so feel free to pick and choose information as you find necessary.<br />
<br />
== Why Travel to Laythe? ==<br />
<br />
[[Laythe]] is the innermost moon in the [[Jool]] system. With a similar size and gravity well as Kerbin, as well as liquid water and an atmosphere with comparable pressure and composition, it is naturally a desirable location for the Kerbals to colonize the outer reaches of the system.<br />
<br />
===Specifications===<br />
<br />
*'''Length:''' 1-3 hours<br />
<br />
*'''Difficulty:''' Moderate<br />
<br />
*'''For version:''' 0.18 or above<br />
<br />
This tutorial will help you to put a satellite onto the surface (or oceans) of Laythe with the aid of parachutes. To land with fuel and a rocket, as well as picking a more precise landing location or planning a return trip, is entirely possible and is a natural next step after completing this tutorial.<br />
<br />
== Steps ==<br />
<br />
=== Step 1 - The Rocket ===<br />
<br />
Depending upon your skill with transferring to other planets, course correction, and aerobraking, a fairly large rocket will be needed for this trip. I've described below the rocket design that I use for most every interplanetary mission. It generally has plenty of excess delta-V by the time I reach my destination, but it's nice to know that I don't have to be precise with each maneuver. There are many different types of rockets and designs that can get you to Laythe (and back!), so feel free to skip this section if you're comfortable with rocket design.<br />
<br />
[[File:LF_Laythe_CF.png|thumb|right|The Celestial Fury launch vehicle]]<br />
<br />
==== Lower Stage ====<br />
<br />
This stage consists of a two-tall center column of [[Rockomax_Jumbo_64_Fuel_Tank|Jumbo Fuel Tanks]] with a [[Rockomax_"Mainsail"_Liquid_Engine|Mainsail]] engine at the bottom. From there, radially attach six more two-tall columns of [[Rockomax_Jumbo_64_Fuel_Tank|Jumbo Fuel Tanks]] with [[Rockomax_"Mainsail"_Liquid_Engine|Mainsail]] engines at the bottom of each also. You can play around with staging these fuel columns if you like, but I don't find it necessary.<br />
<br />
Next, each outer [[Rockomax_Jumbo_64_Fuel_Tank|Jumbo Fuel Tank]] column gets three [[TT-70_Radial_Decoupler|Radial Decouplers]] vertically up the bottom half of the column. On each of these, place a [[RT-10_Solid_Fuel_Booster|small Solid Fuel Booster]] (for a total of 18 around the entire rocket). Stage the [[Rockomax_"Mainsail"_Liquid_Engine|Mainsails]] with the bottom six [[RT-10_Solid_Fuel_Booster|small Solid Fuel Boosters]] to fire upon launch (don't forget the [[TT18-A_Launch_Stability_Enhancer|Stability Enhancers]]!) The next stage should consist of the [[TT-70_Radial_Decoupler|Radial Decouplers]] for the bottom set of [[RT-10_Solid_Fuel_Booster|small Solid Fuel Boosters (SRBs)]], as well as the middle set of SRBs themselves. Likewise for the last set of SRBs, and finally another stage that separates the final Decouplers on the third set of SRBs.<br />
<br />
I generally place two [[AV-R8_Winglet|Winglets]] towards the top of each Jumbo Fuel Tank, as well as various RCS ports around the bottom of the assembly.<br />
<br />
==== Upper Stage ====<br />
<br />
This stage contains the rest of the fuel you should need for the trip to Laythe. Above the center of the Lower Stage is a three-tall column of [[FL-T800_Fuel_Tank|FL-T800 Fuel Tanks]] with an [[LV-N_Atomic_Rocket_Engine|LV-N Nuclear Engine]] at the bottom. Above the fuel tanks are an [[Advanced_S.A.S._Module|Advanced S.A.S.]] and three small [[FL-R25_RCS_Fuel_Tank|RCS Tanks]]. Attached to the center FL-T800 Fuel Tank are four Radial Decouplers, each with one FL-T800 fuel tank that has been linked to the center column via a [[FTX-2_External_Fuel_Duct|Fuel Duct]]. At the bottom of each are an LV-N Nuclear Engine. Between these four fuel columns are two levels of four small Solid Fuel Boosters attached and staged to the middle FL-T800 fuel tank with staging similar to that of the lower stage. It's important to remember to keep the five LV-N Nuclear Engines on an earlier stage than the bottom four Solid Fuel Boosters. These small SRBs are useful for circularizing a Kerbin orbit or for assisting with the transfer to Jool.<br />
<br />
On top of this upper stage is the payload. For this mission, a simple satellite core with Science Instruments, a [[LV-1_Liquid_Fuel_Engine|Small Engine]], two [[Oscar-B_Fuel_Tank|Small Fuel Tanks]], some [[Z-100_Rechargable_Battery_Bank|Batteries]], [[OX-4B_Photovoltaic_Panels|Solar Panels]], and of course, a [[Mk2-R_Radial_mount_parachute|Parachute]] were chosen. Don't forget the [[TR-2V_Stack_Decoupler|Stack Decoupler]]!<br />
<br />
=== Step 2 - The Launch ===<br />
<br />
Once you have a rocket designed, let's launch it! <br />
<br />
==== Planetary Alignment ====<br />
<br />
It's important to make sure that [[Kerbin]] and [[Jool]] are in the proper alignment relative to each other. A handy way to find the correct alignment is by visiting [http://ksp.olex.biz/ The Interplanetary Guide and Calculator]. For the purposes of this guide, all we care about is the Phase Angle and not the Ejection Angle. A quick way to make sure the planets are in alignment are by visiting the [[Map_view|Orbital Map]] screen. With Kerbin at the 3:00 position in its orbit around [[Kerbol|the Sun]], Jool should be at about 11:45. With your rocket on the launchpad and the game on the Orbital Map screen, warp at full speed until the planets are correctly aligned.<br />
<br />
==== Blast-off! ====<br />
<br />
Once Kerbin and Jool are aligned properly, it's time to launch! There are several different ways to launch, which will be discussed in an upcoming "Let's Fly!" tutorial. However, for this mission, let's choose a bit of an unconventional option. While it's not quite as efficient as an eastward facing launch, it doesn't require much additional delta-V and is very simple to master. Wait until the launchpad is facing in the prograde direction of Kerbin's orbit. In other words, if you are on the Map screen looking at the Solar System with Kerbin at the 3:00 position, zoom into Kerbin and wait until the launchpad is on the upper side of Kerbin. It should be right around sunrise on the ground at this point. Once your rocket is facing towards Kerbin's prograde direction, launch straight up. Do not perform a gravity turn. This launch requires only that you point straight up for the entire time that the rocket is in Kerbin's Sphere of Influence.<br />
<br />
=== Step 3 - The Transfer to Jool ===<br />
<br />
The goal here is to raise your Solar apoapsis to the same height as Jool's orbit. After you've launched your rocket and are gaining altitude and velocity, keep checking with your Map screen. Eventually, after a while of continuous burning (remember, no gravity turn!), your spacecraft's orbit will have you leaving Kerbin's Sphere of Influence. Zoom out on the Map screen to see the whole Solar System. Don't stop firing your rockets! You'll find that your Solar periapsis remains at the same height as Kerbin's orbit, but your Solar apoapsis is rising. Keep burning until your apoapsis is at the same height as Jool's orbit. Make sure to click on Jool in the Map screen and select it as your target. If your planetary alignment was correct when you launched your rocket, you should see that you have a Jool intercept point. If not, try adding a maneuver node as soon as you exit Kerbin's Sphere of Influence and play a bit with the green and blue handles to get the intersection points as close as possible.<br />
<br />
==== Match Jool's Inclination ====<br />
<br />
Somewhere between your exit from Kerbin and your approach to Jool, you should pass either an AN (Ascending Node) or DN (Descending Node) if you have Jool selected as your target. Create a maneuver node at that point. If it is an AN, pull on the bottom purple handle of the maneuver node, and if it is a DN, pull on the top purple handle of the node, until your orbit intersects Jool's orbit at the same angle. Play around with the camera angle in the Map screen so that you get a better view of what this maneuver node is doing. You can also play around with the green and blue handles (just small adjustments are needed, nothing major) and watch your planned Jool periapsis point shrink or grow. Try to get this as small as you can.<br />
<br />
==== Orbital Adjustments ====<br />
<br />
As you approach your Jool intercept, try adding maneuver nodes at different points to get your Jool periapsis to as small as possible. Large changes in your direction should not be necessary here, but don't worry, trial and error is your friend! If you perform a maneuver and overshoot, just face the opposite direction and fire your engines again.<br />
<br />
'''Protip:''' It's very important that your orbit's inclination match Jool's at Jool's periapsis. Use small maneuvers to get this as close as possible!<br />
<br />
=== Step 4 - The Approach to Jool ===<br />
<br />
Eventually, you'll come to Jool's Sphere of Influence. If you've made it this far, congratulations!<br />
<br />
==== Course Corrections ====<br />
<br />
As soon as you enter Jool's Sphere of Influence, set up a maneuver node close to your spaceship. At this point, you have two very important goals.<br />
<br />
* Fix your angle of attack so that you orbit Jool as close to the equator as possible.<br />
* Reduce your Jool periapsis in order to aerobrake.<br />
<br />
Both of these can be accomplished with the same maneuver node, but you may find it easier to break it up into two different maneuvers. The first maneuver should be focused on fixing your angle of attack. Depending on what angle you are coming into the Jool system on, any combination of the node knobs may be needed (though if you've been able to follow this guide, you shouldn't need a lot of adjusting). Your goal here is for your Jool periapsis to be as close to Jool's equator as possible. Another important note: you want to make sure that your path has your Jool periapsis on the '''right''' side of the planet as you approach it so that you end up orbiting Jool counter-clockwise when viewed from the top (like a standard orbit around Kerbin). Adjust the knobs until it looks as though your orbit near Jool is as flat as possible.<br />
<br />
After you've performed the burn maneuver needed to get a good angle of attack, set up another maneuver node close to your spaceship. This time, the goal is to lower (or raise) your periapsis to between '''119,500 and 120,000 meters'''. This can generally be done with the blue knobs. When you burn your engines for this node, remember patience, as it doesn't take much power to make a big change to your periapsis.<br />
<br />
'''Protip:''' If you have a Laythe encounter (or any other moon for that matter) at a point in your path at any time that is not at your Jool apoapsis, do not attempt to get into that moon's orbit! Unless you have some serious excess fuel or have some experience with aerobraking, you will be moving too fast to be captured by the moon. Be patient, you'll be there soon!<br />
<br />
==== Aerobraking ====<br />
<br />
[[File:LF_Laythe_Aerobrake.png|thumb|right|Aerobraking above Jool]]<br />
<br />
Once that burn is finished, you can warp forward until a few minutes before Jool periapsis. Be careful not to warp too fast, as your ship speeds up greatly as it approaches Jool and periapsis may take you by surprise. It's more than likely unnecessary, but I always feel more comfortable retracting any extended solar panels during an aerobrake maneuver (just remember to deploy them when you are done!) so that they don't break off in the atmosphere. As you approach periapsis, you should notice your Jool Escape point on the Map screen changing. It should begin curving back toward Jool, and eventually, it should create an orbit around Jool. Your goal is to have your Jool apoapsis as close to Laythe's orbit as possible. If you've left Jool's atmosphere and your apoapsis is too high or low, perform a burn in the retrograde or prograde direction. <br />
<br />
==== Jool Orbit ====<br />
<br />
Set Laythe as your target. Adjust your inclination at an AN or DN (as you did with Jool earlier). If you do not intercept Laythe on your first apoapsis after your Jool aerobrake (and you probably won't), don't forget to raise your Jool periapsis so that you are no longer aerobraking (200,000 meters is a good safe number). At this point, getting in to a Laythe orbit is very similar to getting into a [[Mün]] orbit from Kerbin orbit. Just keep orbiting Jool until you have a Laythe encounter. If you have some extra fuel and some knowledge of orbital maneuvers, you can try to speed the process up. Otherwise, just have a little patience, and you will eventually get a Laythe orbit.<br />
<br />
'''Protip:''' It may be possible to get stuck in an [[w:Orbital_resonance|Orbital Resonance]] with Laythe, depending on your periapsis. If you have gone around Jool 10-20 times or more and have not gotten a Laythe encounter, try raising your periapsis some (not much is needed here) by burning prograde at your apoapsis.<br />
<br />
=== Step 5 - The Laythe Transfer ===<br />
<br />
[[File:LF_Laythe_SoClose.png|thumb|right|So close!]]<br />
<br />
Once you enter Laythe's Sphere of Influence, wait until you reach Laythe periapsis and burn retrograde until you have an orbit around the moon. If you're feeling adventurous (or low on fuel), try aerobraking here as well. Congrats, you've made it into Laythe orbit! From this point, you can stay in Laythe orbit, though if you packed a parachute, you should put it to good use! Keep in mind that Laythe's atmosphere is not as thick as Kerbin's, so if you have only one parachute, you won't be able to land much more than a light probe or single capsule unless you also have rockets to help slow your descent. Try to time your re-entry to land your ship on one of Laythe's many small islands.<br />
<br />
== Closing Thoughts ==<br />
<br />
Any thoughts you'd like to share? Feel free to use the discussion button!</div>Nivkhttps://wiki.kerbalspaceprogram.com/index.php?title=Tutorial:_Sputnik_1&diff=13082Tutorial: Sputnik 12013-03-31T21:47:56Z<p>Nivk: /* Lift-Off */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Quote<br />
|SPACE AGE IS HERE - Man-made moon is circling world|Daily Express}}<br />
<br />
Welcome to the first entry of learning Kerbal Space Program through re-enactment of historical key-missions of the spaceflight history of Earth. This tutorial assumes that you have completed the ingame tutorials so you know the basic controls.<br />
<br />
Our first complete mission will be a recreation of the launch of Sputnik, the first man-made object to enter Earths orbit. The successful launch of Sputnik in 1957 by the soviet union was a shock to the whole world. While the space programs by different branches of the US military were mostly impressing with <strike>explosions on launchpads</strike> ''unplanned vehicular disassemblies'', nobody expected the soviet union to be already so far ahead of them in rocket science. The beeping sound of Sputniks transmitter - strong enough to be picked up by amateur radios all around the world - was a wake up call for the west to finally start taking space exploration seriously. Now we are going to recreate this historical mission.<br />
<br />
We will launch a satellite into space and bring it on a stable orbit. Space - for our purpose - starts at an altitude of 45km where the effect of the atmosphere affects objects much less and and thus allows them to enter a stable orbit for several days.<br />
<br />
== Ship design ==<br />
For this mission we will recreate the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sputnik_(rocket) Soviet R7 rocket]. It consisted of a first stage consisting of four engines around a second stage of one and the payload on top.<br />
[[File:Sputnik-ground.jpg.png|200px|thumb|right|Our vessel]]<br />
* Payload stage<br />
** 1x [[Stayputnik Mk. 2]]<br />
** 1x [[Z-500 Rechargable Battery Bank]]<br />
* Second stage<br />
** 1x [[TR-18A Stack Decoupler]]<br />
** 1x [[FL-R25 RCS Fuel Tank]]<br />
** 4x [[RV-105 RCS Thruster Block]] (symmetric radial-mounted)<br />
** 1x [[FL-T800 Fuel Tank]]<br />
** 1x [[LV-T30 Liquid Fuel Engine]]<br />
* First stage<br />
** 4x [[TT-38K Radial Decoupler]]<br />
** 4x [[FL-T400 Fuel Tank]]<br />
** 4x [[Aerodynamic Nose Cone]]<br />
** 4x [[LV-T30 Liquid Fuel Engine]]<br />
<br />
We are going to add a battery bank to the payload, because the Stayputnik command module requires energy to stay operational. During the ascend the engines will generate energy, but after we have it in orbit it will have to work on its own energy reserves. By itself it can store 5 units of energy which keeps it operational for just over 2 minutes. Afterwards it just becomes debris. The Z-500 adds another 500 units of energy which is enough to keep it operational for several orbits. Using the Z-100 battery packs would be more mass-effective, but unfortunately they aren't as elegant to integrate into a rocket design.<br />
<br />
Note that the aerodynamic nose cones are technically just for show, because the current version of KSP (0.18.4) doesn't model atmospheric drag correctly. Any part you add to your rocket will make the drag worse, there is no way to reduce drag by adding more parts. Feel free to omit them when you don't care about aesthetics.<br />
<br />
== Mission phases ==<br />
<br />
=== Lift-Off ===<br />
[[File:Sputnik-liftoff.png|400px|The vessel just after ignition]]<br />
<br />
This phase is about getting out of the atmosphere as quickly as possible. The atmosphere creates drag which costs you fuel, so head straight up. Switch on RCS and SAS so you have better control over your rocket, hold shift to set your trottle to maximum, and ignite your first stage by pressing space.<br />
<br />
While you ascend, keep the yellow heading indicator on the center of the nav-ball. Every degree of difference and every second costs you valuable altitude later.<br />
<br />
When the first stage burnt all its fuel, drop it and ignite the second stage using space (don't press space too often, or you drop your payload). Keep heading straight up.<br />
<br />
=== Going into an orbital flight path ===<br />
[[File:Sputnik-ascend.png|400px|On the way to apoapsis]]<br />
<br />
Switch to the orbital view and switch on the nav-ball so you can see your flight path and you apoapsis. Your goal now is to get your apoapsis to about 60km. We need some additional height because we aren't out of the atmosphere yet, so we will keep losing some height due to atmospheric drag. We also need to start building some horizontal velocity so that the gravity affects us less during our ascend to the apoapsis. So start tilting your rocket slightly (about 10° to 20°) to the east (90° on the nav-ball). When you have about half of your fuel left, kill your engines and hope you will reach an apoapsis above 45km.<br />
<br />
=== Getting into a circular orbit ===<br />
[[File:Sputnik-orbit.png|200px|right|A circular orbit]]<br />
[[File:Sputnik-apograde.png|400px|Accelerating horizontal to get on orbital speed]]<br />
<br />
When you reached your apoapsis, perform a prograde boost - orient your rocket horizontal in eastern direction and burn your remaining fuel to get into a circular orbit. <br />
Should you run out of fuel, remember that you likely still have plenty of monopropellant left from the ascend. Press H to use it to accelerate forward. It doesn't do much, but it can be enough to give you the crucial last few m/s to get into a stable orbit.<br />
<br />
=== Dropping the payload ===<br />
[[File:Sputnik-release.png|400px|Accelerating horizontal to get on orbital speed]]<br />
<br />
After you are in orbit, drop your payload using space. Thanks to the powerful separator it will be blasted forward while the engine stage drifts behind. Congratulation, you just made space history. Go into time-warp and watch your satellite orbit Kerbin gracefully.<br />
<br />
== What next? ==<br />
[[File:Science-satellite.png|200px|thumb|right|A scientific satellite in orbit]]<br />
Unfortunately the satellite still has a limited lifetime due to energy use. To extend its life further it needs some kind of energy source in form of photovoltaic panels or a [[PB-NUK Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generator|Radioisotope generator]]. When you have a sustainable energy supply, you can also add some scientific payload like [[Double-C accelerometer|accelerometer]], [[PresMat Barometer|barometer]], [[2HOT Thermometer|thermometer]] or [[GRAVMAX Negative Gravioli Detector|gravimeter]]. Note that all of this will increase weight and atmospheric drag, so you will need to add some more tanks to your rocket.<br />
<br />
When unmanned satellites become boring, it's time to get to the next stage of space exploration: [[Tutorial: Vostok 1|your first manned mission]].<br />
<br />
[[Category:Tutorials]]<br />
[[Category:Historical Spaceflights]]</div>Nivkhttps://wiki.kerbalspaceprogram.com/index.php?title=Advanced_Inline_Stabilizer&diff=10060Advanced Inline Stabilizer2012-12-28T02:23:40Z<p>Nivk: /* Changes */</p>
<hr />
<div>[[Category:Default_Part]]<br />
{{Partbox<br />
|Name=Advanced S.A.S Module<br />
|Role=Advanced Attitude Control<br />
|Class=AdvSASModule<br />
|File=Advanced_sas_module.jpg<br />
|Costs=1100<br />
|Mass=0.8<br />
|Drag=0.2<br />
|Temp=3400<br />
|Tolerance=9<br />
|More=<br />
{{PB-more|Ki|1.0}}<br />
{{PB-more|Kp|0.6}}<br />
{{PB-more|Kd|1.0}}<br />
|since=v0.11.0<br />
|cfg=Parts/advSasModule/part.cfg<br />
}}<br />
<br />
The '''Advanced S.A.S. Module''' is a toggleable module that provides [[SAS]] functionality, a sort of Autopilot to stabilize and help keep a rocket on course.<br />
<br />
== Description ==<br />
{{Quote|After many years of research, STEADLER Corps rocket scientists discovered that Kerbal crewmembers just can't be trusted to keep a spacecraft under control. The Advanced S.A.S Module addresses that issue by correcting flight controls continuously. It is highly recommended that crewmembers are kept unaware of the presence of such a device, as experience shows that many Kerbals will see that as a 'challenge to their flying prowess'.|STEADLER Engineering Corps}}<br />
<br />
== Usage ==<br />
The Advanced S.A.S. module does not have to be placed anywhere in particular to function, however it will cease to function if jettisoned. Unlike [[S.A.S. Module | S.A.S. modules]], the Advanced S.A.S. does not applies any forces itself. It uses controllable airfoils (like [[AV-R8 Winglet]]), [[Reaction Control System|RCS]] and gimbal engines to control the ship's heading and rotation, so you will need to add these elements if you are planning to use Advanced S.A.S. Only one Advanced S.A.S is needed per ship.<br />
<br />
== Changes ==<br />
<br />
;{{Version|0.18|}}<br />
* Retextured and resized (now smaller)<br />
;{{Version|0.17.0|}}<br />
* (Undocumented) Ki, Kp, Kd values changed from 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 to 1.0, 0.6, 1.0 (respectively)<br />
* (Undocumented) Cost reduced from 2300 to 1100.<br />
;{{Version|0.11.0|}}<br />
* Initial Release<br />
<br />
{{Parts}}</div>Nivk