Difference between revisions of "Basic maneuvers/zh-cn"

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(对接 / 交会)
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== 对接 / 交会 ==  
 
== 对接 / 交会 ==  
  
An orbital rendezvous is one of the most challenging manuvers, requiring a perfect match in orbit and position. Follow the steps below to get it right on your first try and feel like a space wizard. These steps also work for getting into orbit around planets and moons.
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轨道交会是最激动人心的轨道机动之一,它需要轨道和位置的完美匹配。参考下列步骤尝试着完成你的第一次轨道交会,体验太空飞行的魔力吧。下列步骤也适用于向其他行星和卫星的轨道飞行。
  
# Go to the [[map view]] and use the maneuver tool.
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# 进入 [[map view|轨道地图模式]] 并运用机动工具。
# Begin by [[#Match Orbital Inclination|matching your orbital inclination]] as described above. During the procedure below occasionally check to ensure that the inclination is exactly zeroed and make correction burns as necessary.
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# 开始上文的[[#Match Orbital Inclination|轨道倾角匹配调整]]。在下面步骤进行过程中,注意阶段性的检查轨道倾角,在其不为零的情况下做出相应的调整。
 
# Bring one point on your orbit (ideally an [[Terminology#Orbital Terms|apsis]]) tangent to the target orbit. You will see an orange/purple pair of arrows. Each colored arrow corresponds to the relative position of you and your target. The orange is the nearest encounter, and the purple is the next encounter after that.
 
# Bring one point on your orbit (ideally an [[Terminology#Orbital Terms|apsis]]) tangent to the target orbit. You will see an orange/purple pair of arrows. Each colored arrow corresponds to the relative position of you and your target. The orange is the nearest encounter, and the purple is the next encounter after that.
 
# At the point of nearest encounter maneuver to make:
 
# At the point of nearest encounter maneuver to make:

Revision as of 09:16, 3 June 2013


本文是轨道机动的简单指南,尽量精简了细节、数学计算、背景知识或者视频内容(这些在其他文章中有详细的阐述)。本文可以看作游戏时的快速参考。

上升入轨

  1. 垂直向上飞行至少 10 km。最佳上升速度参考下文列表。
  2. 到达 10 km 高度后,开始向东缓慢进行重力转弯(导航球的 90 度方向,通常都是位于发射场的“右侧”)。你可以向其他方向做重力转弯,不过朝东转向,即保持 Kerbin 自转相同的方向,无疑可以利用自转速度节约燃料。
  3. 继续加速直到轨道远点(按 M 键,移动鼠标指向 Ap 点显示轨道远点信息)大于 70 km(Kerbin 大气层的最高高度)—— 为保险起见最好高于 100 km 。
  4. 关闭发动机(按 X 键)并等待飞行器运行到接近轨道远点。
  5. 进行顺向加速(也就是,向飞行方向加速,即导航球的绿圈标志,直到轨道近点的高度也提升到 100 km 。

在上升段时把飞行速度保持在终端速度附近可以有效的节约燃料。低于终端速度,则会有额外的 delta-V 被用于克服重力,过高则被用于克服空气阻力:
:终端速度,又叫自由沉降速度。

高度 (m) 近似的终端速度 (m/s)
500 105
1,000 110
2,000 120
3,000 130
5,000 160
8,000 215
10,000 260 (记住在这个高度开始重力转弯!)
13,000 350
15,000 425
16,000 470
32,000 2250

改变轨道形状

大体而言,顺向推进会“加大”轨道,而逆向推进则会“减小”轨道。

在轨道近点逆向推进(参看导航球)可降低轨道远点高度。反之,在轨道近点顺向推进可以提高轨道远点的高度。
在轨道远点逆向推进可降低轨道近点高度。反之,在轨道远点顺向推进可提高轨道近点的高度。

轨道倾角调整

如果你希望把飞行器的轨道平面调整到与其他物体(行星、飞船等)的轨道平面重合 —— 在轨道地图上设置目标。在两个轨道平面的交汇处,你会看到两个绿色的箭头,分别标为“上升点”和“下降点”。在其中一点进行“法向”或“逆法向”推进机动(所谓“法向”和“逆法向”都是相对方向,如果从赤道轨道开始,就是指“北”向和“南”向)。


如果需要进行多次点火推进来完成倾角调整,假如在某点进行的是“法向”推进,则在对应的另一个点则应进行“逆法向”推进。

也可以在轨道地图的规划系统上设计机动推进的过程,法向和逆法向以紫色图标为标志。轨道倾角调整是实现交会和对接至关重要的第一步。

对接 / 交会

轨道交会是最激动人心的轨道机动之一,它需要轨道和位置的完美匹配。参考下列步骤尝试着完成你的第一次轨道交会,体验太空飞行的魔力吧。下列步骤也适用于向其他行星和卫星的轨道飞行。

  1. 进入 轨道地图模式 并运用机动工具。
  2. 开始上文的轨道倾角匹配调整。在下面步骤进行过程中,注意阶段性的检查轨道倾角,在其不为零的情况下做出相应的调整。
  3. Bring one point on your orbit (ideally an apsis) tangent to the target orbit. You will see an orange/purple pair of arrows. Each colored arrow corresponds to the relative position of you and your target. The orange is the nearest encounter, and the purple is the next encounter after that.
  4. At the point of nearest encounter maneuver to make:
    1. your orbits as close as possible to each other.
    2. the next encounter (probably right back here) to within 0.5km or so.
  5. On reaching that encounter, burn to match velocity. Your orbits and velocities should now be nearly identical, and position separated only by a fraction of a kilometer.
  6. Go back to the staging or docking screen. Click on the "point of reference" on the Navball until it displays the relative target velocity This number should be low at this point, within 10m/s.
  7. Now slowly "drive" towards your target by aligning the "orbit prograde" and "target prograde" icons on your Navball. Do not exceed ~10m/s. You will probably want to just use RCS thrusters at this point. (If you forgot to put RCS on your rocket... good luck!)
  8. Slow down gradually to ~1m/s by the time you are within 50 meters or so.
  9. Try not to bump into anything while you are docking. See the docking article for how to actually connect your vessels.