Difference between revisions of "Plane/ru"

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(Created page with "thumb|A [[Ravenspear Mk1 starting from the runway.]] A '''plane''' is a craft which flies horizontally in an atmosphere util...")
 
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[[File:SPH Runway and Ravenspear Mk1.png|thumb|A [[Ravenspear Mk1]] starting from the runway.]]
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[[File:SPH Runway and Ravenspear Mk1.png|thumb|A [[Ravenspear Mk1/ru|Черное копье Mk1]] взлетает с [[runway/ru|ВПП]] .]]
A '''plane''' is a [[craft]] which flies horizontally in an [[atmosphere]] utilizing the lift generated from [[wing]]s or [[winglet]]s. Planes usually use oxygen-breathing [[jet engine]]s, foregoing the added weight of [[oxidizer]] required by [[rocket]] engines. Therefore, long distances can easily be covered in-atmosphere, but on the other hand the atmosphere induces drag at all times, preventing a stable [[orbit]] unless the plane is able to clear the atmosphere.
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'''Аэроплан''' - это [[craft/ru|летательный аппарат]], который взлетает горизонтально в [[atmosphere/ru|атмосфере]] с использованием подъемной силы, создаваемой [[wing/ru|крыльями]] или [[winglet/ru|винглетами]]. Аэропланы обычно используют кислородные [[jet engine/ru|реактивные двигатели]], отказавшиеся от дополнительного веса [[oxidizer/ru|окислителя]] требующийся [[rocket/ru|ракетным]] двигателям. Поэтому, в атмосфере могут легко преодолятся большие расстояния, но с другой стороны атмосфера вызывает возмущения все время, предотвращая возможность стабильной [[orbit/ru|орбиты]], пока аэроплан не в состоянии покинуть атмосферу.
  
Planes are build in the [[Space Plane Hangar]] and start from the [[runway]]. It is possible to build planes in the [[Vehicle Assembly Building]] but from there planes would start on the [[launch pad]], whose small size makes a horizontal takeoff difficult. There are various [[stock craft|stock planes]] available in the Space Plane Hangar.
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Planes are build in the [[Space Plane Hangar/ru|Ангар]] and start from the [[runway/ru|ВПП]]. It is possible to build planes in the [[Vehicle Assembly Building/ru|ЦВС]] but from there planes would start on the [[launch pad/ru|Стартовый стол]], whose small size makes a horizontal takeoff difficult. There are various [[stock craft/ru|stock planes]] available in the Space Plane Hangar.
  
The fastest known plane moved at about 2377&nbsp;m/s relative to the ground a bit short of Mach 7 in [[0.23]].<ref>“[[thread:27296|The MachingBird Challenge!]]” in the forums.</ref> At this speed it is possible to circumnavigate [[Kerbin]] in about 29 minutes at an altitude of 40&nbsp;km. For comparison the speed required to orbit Kerbin at 70&nbsp;km (outside the atmosphere) is only 2296&nbsp;m/s.
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The fastest known plane moved at about 2377&nbsp;m/s relative to the ground a bit short of Mach 7 in [[0.23]].<ref>“[[thread:27296|The MachingBird Challenge!]]” in the forums.</ref> At this speed it is possible to circumnavigate [[Kerbin/ru|Кербин]] in about 29 minutes at an altitude of 40&nbsp;km. For comparison the speed required to orbit Kerbin at 70&nbsp;km (outside the atmosphere) is only 2296&nbsp;m/s.
  
Another hazard to planes are flameouts, which occur when not enough [[intake air]] is available, especially when there are engines generating thrust off the [[center of mass]]. This could lead to an unstable flight, when only engines on one side fail and engines on the other side continue to generate thrust applying torque.
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Another hazard to planes are flameouts, which occur when not enough [[intake air/ru|intake air/ru]] is available, especially when there are engines generating thrust off the [[center of mass/ru|сентр масс]]. This could lead to an unstable flight, when only engines on one side fail and engines on the other side continue to generate thrust applying torque.
  
== Variants ==
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== Виды ==
 
It is possible to build planes which can leave the atmosphere and achieve orbit. Those planes are called [[spaceplane]]s and require another source of thrust besides jets to ascend out of the upper atmosphere, most commonly [[rocket engine]]s.
 
It is possible to build planes which can leave the atmosphere and achieve orbit. Those planes are called [[spaceplane]]s and require another source of thrust besides jets to ascend out of the upper atmosphere, most commonly [[rocket engine]]s.
  
 
Another form of plane is a glider. Those don't use any fuel to propel them and simply exchange height with velocity. As there is no weather, no updrafts exist, so gliders can't ascend without losing speed. Launching gliders can also be problematic. However, the aerodynamics system can also be exploited to produce [[infinite glider]]s, which accelerate without the use of engines.
 
Another form of plane is a glider. Those don't use any fuel to propel them and simply exchange height with velocity. As there is no weather, no updrafts exist, so gliders can't ascend without losing speed. Launching gliders can also be problematic. However, the aerodynamics system can also be exploited to produce [[infinite glider]]s, which accelerate without the use of engines.
  
== Air launch to orbit ==
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== Воздушный запуск на орбиту ==
 
{{See also||{{Wikipedia|Air launch to orbit}}}}
 
{{See also||{{Wikipedia|Air launch to orbit}}}}
 
[[Rocket]]s could be carried higher into the atmosphere by planes to use the more efficient jet engines for part of the way. Because the rocket then starts higher up, the drag by the atmosphere is lower and the engines do work more efficient. A plane also imparts momentum on the rocket prior to the rocket launching. The plane must also carry the rocket which limits it size and mass. Also releasing the rocket is tricky, although [[Sepratron I|Sepratrons I]] can assist in pushing the rocket from the plane.
 
[[Rocket]]s could be carried higher into the atmosphere by planes to use the more efficient jet engines for part of the way. Because the rocket then starts higher up, the drag by the atmosphere is lower and the engines do work more efficient. A plane also imparts momentum on the rocket prior to the rocket launching. The plane must also carry the rocket which limits it size and mass. Also releasing the rocket is tricky, although [[Sepratron I|Sepratrons I]] can assist in pushing the rocket from the plane.
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Airplanes should reach altitudes between 15 and 20 kilometers to be effective and reach speeds up to 1000 m/s at release to reduce the speed which is required by the rocket. To keep the rocket's mass and size low only one or two stages are recommended.
 
Airplanes should reach altitudes between 15 and 20 kilometers to be effective and reach speeds up to 1000 m/s at release to reduce the speed which is required by the rocket. To keep the rocket's mass and size low only one or two stages are recommended.
  
== Notes ==
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== Примечания ==
 
<references />
 
<references />
  
 
[[Category:Craft]]
 
[[Category:Craft]]

Revision as of 20:31, 15 August 2014

A Черное копье Mk1 взлетает с ВПП .

Аэроплан - это летательный аппарат, который взлетает горизонтально в атмосфере с использованием подъемной силы, создаваемой крыльями или винглетами. Аэропланы обычно используют кислородные реактивные двигатели, отказавшиеся от дополнительного веса окислителя требующийся ракетным двигателям. Поэтому, в атмосфере могут легко преодолятся большие расстояния, но с другой стороны атмосфера вызывает возмущения все время, предотвращая возможность стабильной орбиты, пока аэроплан не в состоянии покинуть атмосферу.

Planes are build in the Ангар and start from the ВПП. It is possible to build planes in the ЦВС but from there planes would start on the Стартовый стол, whose small size makes a horizontal takeoff difficult. There are various stock planes available in the Space Plane Hangar.

The fastest known plane moved at about 2377 m/s relative to the ground a bit short of Mach 7 in 0.23.[1] At this speed it is possible to circumnavigate Кербин in about 29 minutes at an altitude of 40 km. For comparison the speed required to orbit Kerbin at 70 km (outside the atmosphere) is only 2296 m/s.

Another hazard to planes are flameouts, which occur when not enough intake air/ru is available, especially when there are engines generating thrust off the сентр масс. This could lead to an unstable flight, when only engines on one side fail and engines on the other side continue to generate thrust applying torque.

Виды

It is possible to build planes which can leave the atmosphere and achieve orbit. Those planes are called spaceplanes and require another source of thrust besides jets to ascend out of the upper atmosphere, most commonly rocket engines.

Another form of plane is a glider. Those don't use any fuel to propel them and simply exchange height with velocity. As there is no weather, no updrafts exist, so gliders can't ascend without losing speed. Launching gliders can also be problematic. However, the aerodynamics system can also be exploited to produce infinite gliders, which accelerate without the use of engines.

Воздушный запуск на орбиту

→ Смотрите также: Air launch to orbit on Wikipedia

Rockets could be carried higher into the atmosphere by planes to use the more efficient jet engines for part of the way. Because the rocket then starts higher up, the drag by the atmosphere is lower and the engines do work more efficient. A plane also imparts momentum on the rocket prior to the rocket launching. The plane must also carry the rocket which limits it size and mass. Also releasing the rocket is tricky, although Sepratrons I can assist in pushing the rocket from the plane.

Airplanes should reach altitudes between 15 and 20 kilometers to be effective and reach speeds up to 1000 m/s at release to reduce the speed which is required by the rocket. To keep the rocket's mass and size low only one or two stages are recommended.

Примечания

  1. The MachingBird Challenge!” in the forums.