Tutorial: Sputnik 1/ko

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우주 시대는 여기에 - 인간이 만든 물체가 지구 궤도에 진입

데일리 익스프레스

Kerbal Space Program을 학습하는 것과 지구의 우주 개발 역사에 대해서 배우는 곳에 오신 것을 환영합니다. 이 튜토리얼은 조작키 등을 알아야 하기 때문에, 게임 내의 튜토리얼을 완료한 상태를 전제로 하겠습니다.

우리의 첫 번째 할 일은 바로 스푸트니크의 발사에 대해서 알아보는 것입니다. 소련이 1957년에 스푸트니크를 지구 궤도에 올리자, 전 세계는 놀랐습니다. 미국의 우주 프로그램은 다양하게 발사대에서 폭발을 하며 계획되지 않은 우주선 해체 작업을 하였습니다. 아무도 소련이 우주 개발을 먼저 할 것이라고 예상하지 못했습니다. 스푸트니크를 보낸 사람이 - 아마추어 무선에 포착되는 충분한 강도인 - 이 전파는 우주 개발을 향한 모닝콜이었습니다. 이제 우리는 이 역사적 임무를 다시 재현해보려 합니다.

우리는 우주에 위성을 발사하고, 안정된 궤도로 진입시킵니다. 우주 - 우리의 목표 - 우리는 100km 상공에 안정된 궤도를 만들고, 그러면 더 이상 대기권은 위성을 방해하지 못합니다. 그래서 발사시킨 위성들은 무기한 안정 궤도로 들어갈 수 있습니다.

우주선 모양

우리는 R-7 로켓을 다시 만들어야 합니다. 1단은 2단을 둘러싼 네 개의 엔진으로 되어 있습니다.

Our vessel

We need to add a battery bank to the payload, because the Stayputnik command module requires energy to stay operational. During the ascent the engines will generate energy, but after orbit insertion it will have to work on its own energy reserves. By itself it can store 5 units of energy which keeps it operational for just over 2 minutes. Afterwards it just becomes debris. The Z-500 adds another 500 units of energy which is enough to keep it operational for several orbits. Using the Z-100 battery packs would be more mass-effective, but unfortunately they aren't as elegant to integrate into a rocket design.

When you want your satellite to look more like the real Sputnik, you could also add four radially-mounted Communotron 16 antennas to the round part of the Stayputnik so that they face backwards in a 45° angle. But keep in mind that they don't do anything but making the mission more difficult by adding additional mass and drag to your rocket.

Note that the aerodynamic nose cones are technically just for show, because the current[outdated] version of KSP doesn't model atmospheric drag correctly. Any part you add to your rocket will make the drag worse, there is no way to reduce drag by adding more parts. Feel free to omit them when you don't care about aesthetics.

항해 계획

이륙

The vessel just after ignition

Before you start your flight, switch on RCS and SAS so you have better control over your rocket. Also, switch your nav-ball from surface-mode to orbit-mode by clicking on the dial above it (it should read "Orbit 174.5m/s").

This phase is about getting out of the atmosphere as quickly as possible. The thick atmosphere around the ground creates drag which costs you fuel, so we will head straight up to get out of it. When you are ready, hold shift to set your throttle to maximum, and ignite your first stage by pressing space. Watch the nav-ball and keep your rocket pointed at the center for a perfectly vertical ascent. When the first stage has burnt all its fuel, drop it and ignite the second stage using space. Don't press space too often, or you will drop your payload.

중력-턴

When you've reached an altitude of 10km (should be shortly after igniting the 2nd stage), air resistance becomes much less. Now we start to build up horizontal speed so we get fast enough to get into a stable orbit. Do this by tipping your rocket into the direction of the yellow direction marker on the nav-ball (90° eastwards). While your rocket faces the direction marker, the marker will slowly fall towards the horizon. This is good. Keep your rocket pointed at the direction marker, so it slowly tips towards the horizontal plane.

원궤도에 진입

A circular orbit

Accelerating horizontal to get on orbital speed

While you perform your gravity turn, switch to the map view so you can see your flight path and your apoapsis. You can switch on the nav-ball in orbital view by pressing the comma-key on the numeric keypad. Do this so you don't get off-course. Your goal now is to get your apoapsis to about 100km. We need some additional height because we aren't out of the atmosphere yet, so we will keep losing some height due to atmospheric drag.

When you reach your apoapsis, perform a prograde boost - orient your rocket horizontally pointing east and burn your remaining fuel to get into a circular orbit. Should you run out of fuel, remember that you likely still have plenty of monopropellant left from the ascent. Press H to use it to accelerate forward. It doesn't do much, but it can be enough to give you the crucial last few m/s to get into a stable orbit.

위성체 분리

Accelerating horizontally to gain orbital speed

After you are in orbit, drop your payload using space. Thanks to the powerful separator it will be blasted forward while the engine stage drifts behind. Congratulations, you just made space history. Go into time-warp and watch your satellite orbit Kerbin gracefully.

이번에는?

과학위성이 궤도를 돌고 있다

불행하게도 위성은 에너지 저장에 한계를 가지고 있습니다. 위성의 수명을 연장하기 위해서는 태양 전지판이나 방사성 동위원소 발전기를 필요로 합니다. 당신은 지속이 가능한 에너지 공급원이 있는 경우, 과학 장치들(중력 가속도계, 기압계, 온도계, 중력계)을 사용할 수도 있습니다. Note that all of this will increase weight and atmospheric drag, so you will need to add some more tanks to your rocket.

When unmanned satellites become boring, it's time to get to the next stage of space exploration: your first manned mission.