Difference between revisions of "User:无心十二载/Sandbox"

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== 火箭升空的基本知识 ==
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=== Heatshield ===
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{{See also|Heat shield}}
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You also have to care of excessive heat or else dire consequences may result. Usually, heat is generated during reentry when you hit the dense atmosphere at insane orbital speeds of multiple times the speed of sound. The air being pushed out of the way is superheated and transfers some of its heat to the payload. Very small and sturdy satellites can be risked to survive reentry a bit warmed up if they follow a shallow enough reentry trajectory, but heavier payloads (usually manned pods) will require a dedicated part such as a heat shield.
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A heat shield is composed of ablative material, that gradually melts away during reentry, absorbing a lot of heat in the process. It should be placed right below the payload that is to return to Kerbin and has to have a sufficient diameter to cover the payload fully. It also is directional, so you have to ensure to hit the atmosphere with the heat shield facing forward. If your payload tumbles just slightly during reentry, a non-protected area could face the heated atmosphere and suffer explosion from overheating.
  
要想让一个物体从Kerbin星球飞上太空并呆在那里(所谓的进入稳定轨道)需要遵守的规则很简单:你最大的对手就是重力和阻力。
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The heat shield is fairly heavy. With experience, you can reduce its weight by reducing the thickness (right-click the part and reduce the amount of ablator), shaving off some more valuable kilograms. It also has an integrated decoupler, meant to be triggered after leaving the dense atmosphere, to reduce the weight the parachute has to slow down.
  
重力随着你离开地表会以指数的形式递减,而阻力也会以接近指数的形式递减直到你到达大气上界(大约68.5KM,超过这个高度后物体不再受空气阻力)。重力的效果会随着火箭总重量的增加而增加,阻力则会因为火箭形状的不同而不同,越扁平而光滑的结构所受到的阻力就越小。如果你设计出一块砖头状的东西,那么不要怀疑它的飞行轨迹也会跟砖头一个样。总之,火箭的重量比火箭的阻力要重要的多,但一个好的设计还是能对你火箭的效率做出巨大的提升。要想克服阻碍,飞向太空,你需要提供巨量的推力(大约4000m/s的速度)
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所以设计火箭的规则也就很简单了:让它尽量的轻,让它尽量的光滑,再给它大量的推力,最后还要保证它能直着向上飞。
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=== 热盾 ===
 
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{{See also|Heat shield|热盾}}
先设计你的负载,然后再另外设计你的运载火箭是非常好的习惯,这将会让你以后能使用标准化的运载火箭来运载各种相近的载荷。
 

Latest revision as of 14:02, 14 October 2024

Heatshield

→ See also: Heat shield

You also have to care of excessive heat or else dire consequences may result. Usually, heat is generated during reentry when you hit the dense atmosphere at insane orbital speeds of multiple times the speed of sound. The air being pushed out of the way is superheated and transfers some of its heat to the payload. Very small and sturdy satellites can be risked to survive reentry a bit warmed up if they follow a shallow enough reentry trajectory, but heavier payloads (usually manned pods) will require a dedicated part such as a heat shield. A heat shield is composed of ablative material, that gradually melts away during reentry, absorbing a lot of heat in the process. It should be placed right below the payload that is to return to Kerbin and has to have a sufficient diameter to cover the payload fully. It also is directional, so you have to ensure to hit the atmosphere with the heat shield facing forward. If your payload tumbles just slightly during reentry, a non-protected area could face the heated atmosphere and suffer explosion from overheating.

The heat shield is fairly heavy. With experience, you can reduce its weight by reducing the thickness (right-click the part and reduce the amount of ablator), shaving off some more valuable kilograms. It also has an integrated decoupler, meant to be triggered after leaving the dense atmosphere, to reduce the weight the parachute has to slow down.



热盾

→ See also: 热盾