Difference between revisions of "User:无心十二载/Sandbox"

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== 火箭设计辅助工具 ==
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=== Heatshield ===
本节讨论的是如何使用设计辅助。有关于如何使用 [[VAB]]/[[SPH]] 控件的信息参见“[[Tutorial:Game_Manual#Using_the_VAB.2FSPH_Controls|使用 VAB/SPH 控件]]”。
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{{See also|Heat shield}}
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You also have to care of excessive heat or else dire consequences may result. Usually, heat is generated during reentry when you hit the dense atmosphere at insane orbital speeds of multiple times the speed of sound. The air being pushed out of the way is superheated and transfers some of its heat to the payload. Very small and sturdy satellites can be risked to survive reentry a bit warmed up if they follow a shallow enough reentry trajectory, but heavier payloads (usually manned pods) will require a dedicated part such as a heat shield.
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A heat shield is composed of ablative material, that gradually melts away during reentry, absorbing a lot of heat in the process. It should be placed right below the payload that is to return to Kerbin and has to have a sufficient diameter to cover the payload fully. It also is directional, so you have to ensure to hit the atmosphere with the heat shield facing forward. If your payload tumbles just slightly during reentry, a non-protected area could face the heated atmosphere and suffer explosion from overheating.
  
=== 对称 ===
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The heat shield is fairly heavy. With experience, you can reduce its weight by reducing the thickness (right-click the part and reduce the amount of ablator), shaving off some more valuable kilograms. It also has an integrated decoupler, meant to be triggered after leaving the dense atmosphere, to reduce the weight the parachute has to slow down.
在屏幕的左下角,有一个中间有一个黄点的按钮。如果你点它一下,你就打开了对称选项。这意味着从现在起,不论何时,只要你把一个组件放在非火箭中轴线的位置上,它都会自动的被放在四周相对称的地方。当设计运载火箭的时候这个选项非常的有用,这样可以确保你不会意外的放错了零件导致重心偏移。有时你不得不让重心从火箭的中央偏开少许,但所有的偏移都必须在整个火箭升空的过程中不断的修正,就像它让你的火箭不断的在向一个特定的方向翻滚一样。而这些用来修正火箭航向的能量就不能用来让你的火箭向前飞行了。
 
  
有两种方式来调整对称。你可以通过左键单击、右键单击、X 和 Shift-X 来更改''对称数'',也可以通过鼠标中键单机或按 R 来更改''对称模式''。对称数指的是对于一个未放置在中轴线上的零件,你希望同时放置多少与之对称的相同零件。对称数可以被设置成 2、3、4、6、8 或者设置为 1 来关闭对称。对称模式有两种可选:“径向”或者“镜像”。寥寥数语难以讲清这两种模式的含义,借用数学语言,在选用径向模式时我们希望零件关于 Z 轴旋转对称,而在镜像模式下零件关于 XoZ 平面对称。前者常用于设计火箭,后者常用于设计空天飞机。
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<hr><hr>
  
=== 角度限制 ===
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=== 热盾 ===
就在对称按钮的旁边,有一个有一个黄色的圆圈和一个点的按钮。它就是一个简单的开关,开启这个选项后所有的零件都会被对齐到22.5的整数倍角度上。这同样在确保火箭能有一个基本对称的重心方面非常有用。即使你是打算在两边分别放一个单独的零件。在整个教程中这个选项都应该打开(注:当圆圈变成六边形时表示打开了)(事实上,只有极少数的情况下才需要关闭这个选项。)
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{{See also|Heat shield|热盾}}
 
 
=== 物理指示器 ===
 
在两枚黄色按钮下面还有三个绿色的按钮。从左至右它们分别会让你能够获得关于质量中心,升力重心以及推力中心的可视标志。名字已经充分说明了它们各自的作用了。不过升力中心主要用于设计大气层内飞行器(也就是飞机),对火箭没什么用。另外两个则非常有用,可以用来检查重心和推力的位置是否合适。两者都应该位于中轴线上(从火箭的头顶向下看可以确认这一点)。质量中心应该处在你火箭最底层的三分之一处,或者尽量接近你的推力中心。如果它太高了,你的火箭就会头重脚轻并很难控制。由于燃料的消耗和分离的级,质量中心会在飞行过程中发生变化。
 
 
 
=== 旋转组件 ===
 
这个在[[Key_bindings|控制]]里有所说明,但我还是打算来一个简短的注解。你可以通过WASDQE键随心所欲的旋转任何组件,所有旋转都是以90度为单位的,除非你按住Shift才能以较小的角度(5°)转动组件(这对于防放置倾斜面板,梯子,推进器等有帮助)。
 

Latest revision as of 14:02, 14 October 2024

Heatshield

→ See also: Heat shield

You also have to care of excessive heat or else dire consequences may result. Usually, heat is generated during reentry when you hit the dense atmosphere at insane orbital speeds of multiple times the speed of sound. The air being pushed out of the way is superheated and transfers some of its heat to the payload. Very small and sturdy satellites can be risked to survive reentry a bit warmed up if they follow a shallow enough reentry trajectory, but heavier payloads (usually manned pods) will require a dedicated part such as a heat shield. A heat shield is composed of ablative material, that gradually melts away during reentry, absorbing a lot of heat in the process. It should be placed right below the payload that is to return to Kerbin and has to have a sufficient diameter to cover the payload fully. It also is directional, so you have to ensure to hit the atmosphere with the heat shield facing forward. If your payload tumbles just slightly during reentry, a non-protected area could face the heated atmosphere and suffer explosion from overheating.

The heat shield is fairly heavy. With experience, you can reduce its weight by reducing the thickness (right-click the part and reduce the amount of ablator), shaving off some more valuable kilograms. It also has an integrated decoupler, meant to be triggered after leaving the dense atmosphere, to reduce the weight the parachute has to slow down.



热盾

→ See also: 热盾