Difference between revisions of "Navball"

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La '''Navball''' est le principal instrument vous permettant de contrôler votre vaisseau. Comprendre son principe de fonctionnement est prmordial pour une mission réussie, que ce soit dans l'espace ou dans l'atmosphère. Quant la caméra n'est pas en mode ''[[Camera view|chase]]'' (''poursuite''), la Navball est le seul moyen de connaître l'orientation du vaisseau et de prédire l'effet des manœuvres de rotation et translation. Cet instrument est similaire à un [[w:fr:Horizon artificiel|horizon artificiel]] tel qu'utilisé dans les avions.
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The '''navball''' is one of the primary instruments to control the craft. Understanding the navball is critical to successful flight, both in space and in atmosphere. When the camera is not in ''[[Camera view|chase]]'' mode, only the navball can tell the current orientation and what the rotation commands will perform. It is similar to the [[w:Artificial horizon|artificial horizon]] used in real-world planes.
  
{{TOC|align=left}}[[File:Navball.png|thumb|right|upright=2.0|1: Référentiel (point de référence)<br>
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{{TOC|align=left}}[[File:Navball.png|thumb|right|upright=2.0|1: Current point of reference<br>
2: Vitesse instantanée<br>
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2: Current speed<br>
3: Voyant RCS (actif)<br>
+
3: RCS status (active)<br>
4: Voyant SAS (actif)<br>
+
4: SAS status (active)<br>
5: Poussée moteurs<br>
+
5: Current throttle<br>
6: Force G ressentie<br>
+
6: Current g-force<br>
7: Delta-v requis pour la manœuvre<br>
+
7: Required maneuver delta-V<br>
8: Données de la manœuvre<br>
+
8: Maneuver information<br>
9: Navball affichant l'orientation du vaisseau et différents indicateurs d'attitude<br>
+
9: Navball showing orientation and several attitude indicators<br>
10: Cap en degrés<br>
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10: Current heading in degrees<br>
11: Masquer la Navball]]
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11: Hides navball]]
  
 
{{clear|left}}
 
{{clear|left}}
== Référentiel ==
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== Point of reference ==
 +
As all movement in space is relative, the point of reference determines the object from which all distance measurements and velocity vectors are made. Clicking this area will toggle the point of reference between ''Surface'' and ''Orbit'', as indicated by the green text. If a target is selected, there is a third option, ''Target''. Changing the '''point of reference''' changes the location of the prograde and retrograde markers (described below).
  
Dans l'espace, il n'existe aucun mouvement absolu. Chaque position ou mouvement (trajectoire) est défini dans un référentiel, c'est à dire par rapport à un point (ou un corps) de référence. En cliquant dans cette zone, vous pourrez changer de référentiel entre ''orbite'' (''orbit'') ou ''surface''. Si une cible est sélectionnée, vous pourrez choisir le mode ''cible'' (''target''). Changer le référentiel modifie la direction de votre pro-grade et rétrograde car vote vitesse (caractérisée par le ''vecteur vitesse'') n'est pas le même par rapport à l'orbite, la surface ou une quelconque cible.
+
To land on the surface of a planet or other celestial body, it is important to have the reference set to Surface to account for the rotation of the celestial body. For orbital maneuvers (i.e., not landing), the planet's rotation is unimportant, except in the case of a [[synchronous orbit]], in which case the point of reference should be set to Orbit, which is like Surface but without accounting for the planet's rotation.
  
Pour atterrir sur une planète, il est important de sélectionner le référentiel ''surface'' pour tenir compte de la vitesse de rotation de la planète. Pour les manœuvres en orbite, la vitesse de rotation n'a aucune importance, choisissez donc le référentiel orbital (sauf si vous cherchez à faire une [[w:fr:Orbite synchrone|orbite synchrone]]). Notez que la plupart de ces changement se font automatiquement.
+
=== Speed ===
 +
Your speed is measured relative to the '''point of reference''' and is given in meters per second (m/s). Speed is never negative. Even when you're moving toward a target (as in a docking maneuver), your closing speed will always be shown as a positive number.
  
=== Vitesse ===
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== Ball instrument ==
 +
The most important part is the center ball, which shows the current orientation of the craft and multiple directions which maybe important for future movements.
  
Votre vitesse se mesure par rapport à ce ''corps de référence'' et est donnée en mètres par seconde (m/s). Elle n'est jamais négative, même si votre distance diminue, votre vitesse sera toujours indiquée comme positive.
+
While on the ground, the blue background hemisphere indicates the skyward direction (up; away from the center of gravity), while brown indicates groundwards (down, towards gravity). The thin white line separating the blue and brown hemispheres is the artificial horizon. These indicators are relative to the part from which the craft is controlled, not necessarily the nearest planet, target, or orbital plane. This can be changed by selecting '''Control from Here''' when right-clicking on [[docking port]]s or [[command module]]s that may be on the craft.
  
== Navball ==
+
=== Level indicator ===
 +
The level indicator is the gold V-shape in the center of the navball, which shows the direction the craft is facing (its orientation). The level indicator never moves; the navball rotates beneath it, providing a kind of cockpit window view without any window needed. For example, rotating the craft around its [[Axis#roll|roll axis]] will turn the navball upside down.
  
Le corps principal de la Navball est la partie la plus importante. Elle indique l'orientation de votre vaisseau et différentes directions utiles pour les manœuvres.
+
=== Markers ===
 +
On the navball are three different types of markers. All markers except the maneuver marker come in pairs, with an opposite marker on the opposite side of the virtual ball.
  
Quand vous êtes au sol, l'hémisphère bleu indique le ciel (vers le haut ; s'éloignant du centre de gravité) tandis que l'hémisphère brun indique le sol (vers le bas ; vers le centre de gravité). La ligne blanche entre les deux représente l'horizon artificiel. Ces indications sont toujours relatives à la partie du vaisseau définie comme pod de contrôle. On peut changer ce "point de vue" en cliquant sur une pièce (pod de commande ou port de dock) et sélectionner "''controll from here''" ("''contrôler depuis ici''").
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==== [[Terminology#prograde|Prograde]] and [[Terminology#retrograde|retrograde]] ====
 +
The green prograde marker indicates the direction of movement (which may not be the direction the craft is facing). Conversely, the green retrograde marker always faces in exactly the opposite direction; the direction the craft has come from. If the prograde marker is exactly aligned with the gold level indicator, the craft is facing "forwards" in the direction of travel. If the level indicator is over the retrograde marker, the craft is facing "backwards." As the craft orbits around a body, these markers will gradually move, because orbits are circular (or elliptical), while orbiting spacecraft typically hold still. Burning in the prograde direction will accelerate the craft, while burning retrograde will slow it down. Burning in any direction other than exactly prograde or retrograde will cause the prograde/retrograde markers to move toward/away from the direction the craft is pointing. These markers are relative to the point of reference.
  
=== Indicateur de niveau ===
+
==== Target prograde and target retrograde ====
 +
If a target is selected, the purple icons will indicate the heading directly to the target. Because the target is typically moving, the target markers move as well. Usually the target marker and velocity marker don't follow exactly the same path and tend to drift away. This is important for docking, which requires frequent input to hold the craft on course. These markers are not relative to the point of reference.
  
L'indicateur doré en forme de "V", situé au centre de la Navball, indique l'orientation du vaisseau (la direction à laquelle il fait face). Cet indicateur ne bouge pas et reste centré sur la Naball, cette dernière tournant sur elle-même en fonction des mouvement de rotation du vaisseau.
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==== Maneuver prograde ====
 +
If a maneuver is planned on [[Map view|the map]], the blue Maneuver marker points in the direction needed for the burn. This is the only marker without an opposite pair.  
  
=== Marques ===
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=== Symbols on the ball instrument ===
 
 
La Navball affiche différents points (ou marques, ''markers'') qui vont toujours par deux (excepté pour le point de manœuvre) diamétralement opposées l'un à l'autre.
 
 
 
==== [[Terminology#prograde|Prograde]] et [[Terminology#retrograde|retrograde]] ====
 
 
 
La direction pro-grade est indiquée par la marque verte (ou jaune) et pointe dans la direction du mouvement du vaisseau, là où il va (qui peut être différente de son orientation). ''A contrario'', la direction rétrograde indique la direction inverse au mouvement, là d'où on vient. Si l'indicateur de niveau et la pro-grade sont alignés, le vaisseau pointe "vers l'avant", dans la direction de son mouvement. S'il est aligné avec la rétrograde, il pointe "vers l'arrière", à l'opposé. Quand le vaisseau est en orbite, ces marques vont se déplacer graduellement car l'orbite est circulaire (ou elliptique) tandis que le vaisseau, lui, ne tourne pas. Allumer les moteurs quand le vaisseau pointe vers la pro-grade accélérera la vitesse, tandis qu'une poussée vers la rétrograde la ralentira. Faire une poussée dans une autre direction rapprochera votre pro-grade de cette direction. Ces marques sont bien sûr relatives au référentiel sélectionné.
 
 
 
==== Vecteur vitesse relatif à la cible ====
 
 
 
Si une cible (''target'') est sélectionnée comme référentiel, les marques de pro- et rétrogrades indiqueront la direction de votre vecteur vitesse ''par rapport à la cible'' et les marques roses (ou violettes) indiqueront sa direction en temps réel. Du fait du mouvement relatif du vaisseau et de la cible, ces marques se déplacent sur la Navball. Si la pro-grade "cible" n'est pas alignée sur la direction de la cible, elle va s'en éloigner radialement et vous allez manquer la cible. Si vous alignez ces deux marques, il y aura tout de même une légère dérive due à la courbure de l'orbite et de petites corrections de temps à autre seront nécessaires. Les marques roses ne dépendent pas du référentiel.
 
 
 
==== Pro-grade de manœuvre ====
 
 
 
Si vous avez programmé un point de manœuvre (cliquez sur l'orbite en mode "carte"), une marque bleue apparaîtra sur la Navball. Cette marque indique la pro-grade de manœuvre, ou ''point de poussée'' ("''burn''"). C'est dans cette direction que doit pointer le vaisseau quand vous allumerez les moteurs au point de manœuvre. Il n'y a pas de marque dans la direction opposée.
 
 
 
=== Symboles des marques ===
 
 
<gallery widths=64px heights=64px>
 
<gallery widths=64px heights=64px>
File:Level indicator.svg|Indicateur de niveau
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File:Level indicator.svg|Level indicator
File:Prograde.svg|Pro-grade
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File:Prograde.svg|Prograde
File:Retrograde.svg|Rétrograde
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File:Retrograde.svg|Retrograde
File:Target prograde.svg|direction de la ''cible''
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File:Target prograde.svg|Target prograde
File:Target retrograde.svg|direction opposée à la ''cible''
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File:Target retrograde.svg|Target retrograde
File:Maneuver.svg|Pro-grade de manœuvre
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File:Maneuver.svg|Maneuver prograde
 
</gallery>
 
</gallery>
  
== instrument somplémentaires ==
+
== Information around ==
 
+
=== Maneuver Information ===
=== Données de manœuvre ===
+
On maneuvers, there is a '''maneuver Δv indicator''', a green bar and small info text right of the navball. The bar gives a visual indication of the total amount Δv required to accomplish the maneuver, and it will deplete as the burn is performed. The bar has no scale; it always starts out full, regardless of the amount of the burn. Below that is the estimated burn time: how long the burn will have to continue until the maneuver is completed. This is a simple estimate based on the current maximum thrust available. When engines get activated or deactivated this value will adjust automatically and may result in a longer burn time. The time estimate doesn't change if the engines are operated at less than 100% thrust; it simply counts down more slowly. Below the burn-time estimate is a countdown timer indicating the time left until the craft reaches the next maneuver node. Opinions vary on whether to:
 
+
* Start the burn before the maneuver point, finishing at T-0
Si vous programmez un point de manœuvre, différentes informations s'affichent à-coté de la Navball :
+
* Start the burn halfway before, so that half of the maneuver's Δv is applied at T-0
*Le delta-v (restant) de la manœuvre (en m/s).
+
* Start the burn maneuver exactly at T-0
*Une barre qui vous indique la proportion de delta-v qu'il vous reste à produire (diminue pendant la poussée). Cette barre n'a pas d'échelle, elle commence pleine est finit vide quand le delta-v est atteint. Si la poussée se poursuit, la barre se remplit à nouveau pour indiquer le delta-v excédentaire.
 
*Le temps estimé de la poussée à pleine puissance.
 
*Le temps restant avant d'atteindre le point de manœuvre ("''node''").
 
Pour les longues poussées (plus de 15 secondes), il est préférable de répartir la durée d'allumage des moteurs de part et d'autre du point de manœuvre afin de se rapprocher le plus possible de la manœuvre idéale (delta-v gagné instantanément au point de manœuvre).
 
 
 
=== Poussée ===
 
 
 
L'indicateur de poussée ("''throttle''") à gauche de la Navball indique la puissance des moteurs en pourcentage de leur puissance maximale. En cas de longue poussée avec moteurs à fond, ceux-ci peuvent surchauffer ("''overheat''") et être détruits. La commande ''throttle'' agit sur tous les moteurs actifs de la même façon. Si votre fusée n'est pas équilibrée, le seul moyen de l'empêcher de partir en vrille est de modifier la puissance maximale des moteurs individuellement (clic droit sur le moteur). Les propulseurs à carburant solide (''[[solid rocket booster|solid boosters]]'') ne peuvent être éteints une fois allumés et ne peuvent fonctionner qu'à pleine puissance (utile pour la phase de décollage).
 
 
 
=== Cap ===
 
 
 
Le compas indique la direction de l'axe du vaisseau (son ''cap'') en degrés de 0° - [[w:fr:Nord vrai|nord vrai]] - à 359° dans le sens horaire (90° correspond donc à l'est).
 
 
 
=== Inclinaison ===
 
 
 
L'inclinaison du vaisseau se lit sur les lignes parallèles à l'horizon de la Navbal, de 90° ("haut") à -90° ("bas"). Les angles positifs sont dans l'hémisphère bleu et les angles négatifs dans l'hémisphère brun.
 
 
 
=== Angle de roulis ===
 
 
 
L'angle de roulis peut être évalué grâce à l'indicateur de niveau. Si l'indicateur est parallèle aux lignes d'inclinaison (ou à l'horizon), le vaisseau est à l'horizontale.
 
  
=== Force G ===
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=== Throttle ===
 +
'''Throttle''' indicates how much power all engines in the current stage are delivering (in percent). Beware of continuous full throttle, as engines can [[Overheating|overheat]] and be destroyed. A single throttle controls all activated engines, so if the engines are not balanced the only way to adjust individual throttles is by setting/adjusting total thrust limits of the engines by using [[tweakable]]s. The throttle controls percentage of maximum thrust, not absolute thrust, so smaller engines at full throttle will apply less force than large engines at partial throttle. [[Solid rocket booster]]s cannot be throttled.
  
L'indicateur de force G ("''g-forces''") donne une échelle de l'accélération subie par le vaisseau (et ses occupants) due à la pesanteur et/ou l'accélération. Cette force est mesurée en ''g'', qui est l'accélération de la pesanteur à la surface de [[Kerbin]] (et de la Terre) et vaut 9,81 m/s². Cette force peut être positive ou négative. Appliquer une force intense (zone rouge) pendant un long moment tuera sans doute vos kerbonautes et détruira le vaisseau.
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=== Heading ===
 +
The '''heading''' is the compass direction the craft is facing, in degrees ranging from 0° - being true north - to 359°, going clockwise (meaning 90° equals an eastern direction).
  
=== Afficher/cacher ===
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=== Pitch ===
 +
'''Pitch''' is indicated in degrees, ranging from +90° (''up'') to -90° (''down''). To better indicate positive and negative pitch, the bottom half of the navball is painted brown and the top half in blue.
  
Cliquer sur la petite flèche au-dessus de la Navball permet de la réduire ou de l'afficher.
+
=== Roll Angle ===
 +
'''Roll angle''' is indicated using the level indicator. If the level indicator is parallel to the dashed pitch lines, the vessel is orientated horizontally. Combining this with the knowledge that blue means skyward and brown ground-ward, it can even deduce if it is flying upside down by only looking at the navball.
  
== Touches par défaut ==
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=== G forces ===
 +
The '''G force''' gauge provides a visual scale of the acceleration exerted due to gravity and/or craft acceleration, measured in ''g''. One ''g'' is approximately 9.81&nbsp;m/s<sup>2</sup>. Not to be confused with the SI-unit gram. G forces can be either positive (upwards on the scale) or negative (downwards). Note that experiencing sustained excessive g forces (the red zone on the scale) will kill any Kerbalnauts and may damage sensitive parts.
  
 +
=== Show/Hide ===
 +
Clicking the little arrow on the top of the navball ('''Hide''') will toggles its display on-screen.
  
* {{Key press|W}} fait baisser l'indicateur de niveau sur la Navball.
+
== Basic controls ==
* {{Key press|S}} le fait monter.
+
These are the most basic orientation controls of the craft, here is a short explanation on how their actions are represented on the navball with the default [[key bindings]]:
* {{Key press|A}} le fait aller à gauche.
+
* {{Key press|W}} moves the indicator down on the navball.
* {{Key press|D}} le fait aller à droite.
+
* {{Key press|S}} moves it up.
* {{Key press|Q}} le fait tourner dans le sens anti-horaire.
+
* {{Key press|A}} moves it left.
* {{Key press|E}} le fait tourner dans le sens horaire.
+
* {{Key press|D}} moves it right.
 +
* {{Key press|Q}} rolls it counterclockwise.
 +
* {{Key press|E}} rolls it clockwise.
  
Pour toutes les touches par défaut, voir ''[[Key bindings]]''.
+
[[Category:Game interface]]

Revision as of 13:07, 7 May 2014

The navball is one of the primary instruments to control the craft. Understanding the navball is critical to successful flight, both in space and in atmosphere. When the camera is not in chase mode, only the navball can tell the current orientation and what the rotation commands will perform. It is similar to the artificial horizon used in real-world planes.

1: Current point of reference
2: Current speed
3: RCS status (active)
4: SAS status (active)
5: Current throttle
6: Current g-force
7: Required maneuver delta-V
8: Maneuver information
9: Navball showing orientation and several attitude indicators
10: Current heading in degrees
11: Hides navball

Point of reference

As all movement in space is relative, the point of reference determines the object from which all distance measurements and velocity vectors are made. Clicking this area will toggle the point of reference between Surface and Orbit, as indicated by the green text. If a target is selected, there is a third option, Target. Changing the point of reference changes the location of the prograde and retrograde markers (described below).

To land on the surface of a planet or other celestial body, it is important to have the reference set to Surface to account for the rotation of the celestial body. For orbital maneuvers (i.e., not landing), the planet's rotation is unimportant, except in the case of a synchronous orbit, in which case the point of reference should be set to Orbit, which is like Surface but without accounting for the planet's rotation.

Speed

Your speed is measured relative to the point of reference and is given in meters per second (m/s). Speed is never negative. Even when you're moving toward a target (as in a docking maneuver), your closing speed will always be shown as a positive number.

Ball instrument

The most important part is the center ball, which shows the current orientation of the craft and multiple directions which maybe important for future movements.

While on the ground, the blue background hemisphere indicates the skyward direction (up; away from the center of gravity), while brown indicates groundwards (down, towards gravity). The thin white line separating the blue and brown hemispheres is the artificial horizon. These indicators are relative to the part from which the craft is controlled, not necessarily the nearest planet, target, or orbital plane. This can be changed by selecting Control from Here when right-clicking on docking ports or command modules that may be on the craft.

Level indicator

The level indicator is the gold V-shape in the center of the navball, which shows the direction the craft is facing (its orientation). The level indicator never moves; the navball rotates beneath it, providing a kind of cockpit window view without any window needed. For example, rotating the craft around its roll axis will turn the navball upside down.

Markers

On the navball are three different types of markers. All markers except the maneuver marker come in pairs, with an opposite marker on the opposite side of the virtual ball.

Prograde and retrograde

The green prograde marker indicates the direction of movement (which may not be the direction the craft is facing). Conversely, the green retrograde marker always faces in exactly the opposite direction; the direction the craft has come from. If the prograde marker is exactly aligned with the gold level indicator, the craft is facing "forwards" in the direction of travel. If the level indicator is over the retrograde marker, the craft is facing "backwards." As the craft orbits around a body, these markers will gradually move, because orbits are circular (or elliptical), while orbiting spacecraft typically hold still. Burning in the prograde direction will accelerate the craft, while burning retrograde will slow it down. Burning in any direction other than exactly prograde or retrograde will cause the prograde/retrograde markers to move toward/away from the direction the craft is pointing. These markers are relative to the point of reference.

Target prograde and target retrograde

If a target is selected, the purple icons will indicate the heading directly to the target. Because the target is typically moving, the target markers move as well. Usually the target marker and velocity marker don't follow exactly the same path and tend to drift away. This is important for docking, which requires frequent input to hold the craft on course. These markers are not relative to the point of reference.

Maneuver prograde

If a maneuver is planned on the map, the blue Maneuver marker points in the direction needed for the burn. This is the only marker without an opposite pair.

Symbols on the ball instrument

Information around

Maneuver Information

On maneuvers, there is a maneuver Δv indicator, a green bar and small info text right of the navball. The bar gives a visual indication of the total amount Δv required to accomplish the maneuver, and it will deplete as the burn is performed. The bar has no scale; it always starts out full, regardless of the amount of the burn. Below that is the estimated burn time: how long the burn will have to continue until the maneuver is completed. This is a simple estimate based on the current maximum thrust available. When engines get activated or deactivated this value will adjust automatically and may result in a longer burn time. The time estimate doesn't change if the engines are operated at less than 100% thrust; it simply counts down more slowly. Below the burn-time estimate is a countdown timer indicating the time left until the craft reaches the next maneuver node. Opinions vary on whether to:

  • Start the burn before the maneuver point, finishing at T-0
  • Start the burn halfway before, so that half of the maneuver's Δv is applied at T-0
  • Start the burn maneuver exactly at T-0

Throttle

Throttle indicates how much power all engines in the current stage are delivering (in percent). Beware of continuous full throttle, as engines can overheat and be destroyed. A single throttle controls all activated engines, so if the engines are not balanced the only way to adjust individual throttles is by setting/adjusting total thrust limits of the engines by using tweakables. The throttle controls percentage of maximum thrust, not absolute thrust, so smaller engines at full throttle will apply less force than large engines at partial throttle. Solid rocket boosters cannot be throttled.

Heading

The heading is the compass direction the craft is facing, in degrees ranging from 0° - being true north - to 359°, going clockwise (meaning 90° equals an eastern direction).

Pitch

Pitch is indicated in degrees, ranging from +90° (up) to -90° (down). To better indicate positive and negative pitch, the bottom half of the navball is painted brown and the top half in blue.

Roll Angle

Roll angle is indicated using the level indicator. If the level indicator is parallel to the dashed pitch lines, the vessel is orientated horizontally. Combining this with the knowledge that blue means skyward and brown ground-ward, it can even deduce if it is flying upside down by only looking at the navball.

G forces

The G force gauge provides a visual scale of the acceleration exerted due to gravity and/or craft acceleration, measured in g. One g is approximately 9.81 m/s2. Not to be confused with the SI-unit gram. G forces can be either positive (upwards on the scale) or negative (downwards). Note that experiencing sustained excessive g forces (the red zone on the scale) will kill any Kerbalnauts and may damage sensitive parts.

Show/Hide

Clicking the little arrow on the top of the navball (Hide) will toggles its display on-screen.

Basic controls

These are the most basic orientation controls of the craft, here is a short explanation on how their actions are represented on the navball with the default key bindings:

  • W moves the indicator down on the navball.
  • S moves it up.
  • A moves it left.
  • D moves it right.
  • Q rolls it counterclockwise.
  • E rolls it clockwise.