Difference between revisions of "Basic maneuvers/zh-cn"

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(create zh-cn chapter of "Basic Maneuvers")
 
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This is a brief "cheat-sheet" of [[orbit]]al maneuvers, low on details, math, background info or video content (these are all better provided by other pages and articles). This is instead meant as a quick reference while in-game.
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本文是轨道机动的简单指南,尽量减少细节、数学计算、背景知识或者视频内容(这些都在其他文章中有详细的阐述)。本文可以看作游戏时的快速参考。
  
== Ascend to Orbit ==
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== 上升入轨 ==
  
# Ascend straight up for at least 10 km. See table below for optimal ascent speed.
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# 垂直向上飞行至少 10 km。最佳上升速度参考下文列表。
# After 10km, begin your gravity turn by slowly leaning east (bearing 90 degrees on your navball, usually "right" from the standard launchpad). You can lean other directions as well but going east saves fuel by moving with Kerbin's own spin.
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# 到达 10 km 高度后,开始向东缓慢进行重力转弯(导航球的 90 度方向,通常都是位于发射场的“右侧”)。你可以向其他方向做重力转弯,不过朝东转向,即保持 Kerbin 自转相同的方向,无疑可以利用自转速度节约燃料。
# Continue to accelerate until your apoapsis (hit M and mouse over the Ap node) is greater than 70 km (the end of Kerbin's atmosphere) - ideally around 100km.
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# 继续加速直到轨道远点(按 M 键,移动鼠标指向 Ap 点显示轨道远点信息)大于 70 km(Kerbin 大气层的最高高度)—— 为保险起见最好高于 100 km
# Cut your engines (hit 'x') and wait until you are getting close to the apoapsis point.
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# 关闭发动机(按 X 键)并等待飞行器运行到接近轨道远点。
# Accelerate prograde (i.e. the direction you are going, represented by a green circle on your [[navball]]) until your periapsis (also visible on your map) is also around 100km.
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# 进行顺向加速(也就是,向飞行方向加速,即[[navball/zh-cn|导航球]]的绿圈标志,直到轨道近点的高度也提升到 100 km 。
  
You can save fuel by being close to your terminal velocity during ascent. Lower velocity wastes delta-V on gravity, higher is wasted on air resistance:
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在上升段时把飞行速度保持在终端速度附近可以有效的节约燃料。低于终端速度,则会有额外的 delta-V 被用于克服重力,过高则被用于克服空气阻力:
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
|-
 
|-
! Altitude (m) !! Aprox. Terminal Velocity (m/s)
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! 高度 (m) !! 近似的终端速度 (m/s)
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 500 || 105
 
| 500 || 105
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| 8,000 || 215
 
| 8,000 || 215
 
|-
 
|-
| 10,000 || 260 (remember to start your gravity turn!)
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| 10,000 || 260 (记住在这个高度开始重力转弯!)
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 13,000 || 350
 
| 13,000 || 350

Revision as of 08:25, 3 June 2013


本文是轨道机动的简单指南,尽量减少细节、数学计算、背景知识或者视频内容(这些都在其他文章中有详细的阐述)。本文可以看作游戏时的快速参考。

上升入轨

  1. 垂直向上飞行至少 10 km。最佳上升速度参考下文列表。
  2. 到达 10 km 高度后,开始向东缓慢进行重力转弯(导航球的 90 度方向,通常都是位于发射场的“右侧”)。你可以向其他方向做重力转弯,不过朝东转向,即保持 Kerbin 自转相同的方向,无疑可以利用自转速度节约燃料。
  3. 继续加速直到轨道远点(按 M 键,移动鼠标指向 Ap 点显示轨道远点信息)大于 70 km(Kerbin 大气层的最高高度)—— 为保险起见最好高于 100 km 。
  4. 关闭发动机(按 X 键)并等待飞行器运行到接近轨道远点。
  5. 进行顺向加速(也就是,向飞行方向加速,即导航球的绿圈标志,直到轨道近点的高度也提升到 100 km 。

在上升段时把飞行速度保持在终端速度附近可以有效的节约燃料。低于终端速度,则会有额外的 delta-V 被用于克服重力,过高则被用于克服空气阻力:

高度 (m) 近似的终端速度 (m/s)
500 105
1,000 110
2,000 120
3,000 130
5,000 160
8,000 215
10,000 260 (记住在这个高度开始重力转弯!)
13,000 350
15,000 425
16,000 470
32,000 2250

Change Orbital Shape

In general, burning prograde will make your orbit "larger" and burning retrograde will make it "smaller".

Lower your apoapsis by burning retrograde (see navball) at your peripasis. Raise your apoapsis by burning prograde at your periapsis instead.

Lower your periapsis by burning retrograde at your apoapsis. Raise your periapsis by burning prograde at your apoapsis.

Match Orbital Inclination

If you want to orbit on the same plane as another object (planet, ship, etc) - set it as your target in the map view. You will see two green arrows labeled as the "ascending node" or "descending node" where the two orbital planes cross. At either of those points burn either "normal" or "antinormal" (which simply means "north" or "south" respectively if you are starting from an equatorial orbit).

If you need several burns to get to your desired inclination, remember that if you burn "normal" on one node you need to burn "antinormal" on the other to keep going the same direction.

It might also help to plan your burns using the orbital maneuver planning system in the map view, where normal and antinormal directions are labeled with purple icons. Matching orbital inclination is a crucial first step in a rendezvous or docking procedure.

Docking / Rendezvous

An orbital rendezvous is one of the most challenging manuvers, requiring a perfect match in orbit and position. Follow the steps below to get it right on your first try and feel like a space wizard. These steps also work for getting into orbit around planets and moons.

  1. Go to the map view and use the maneuver tool.
  2. Begin by matching your orbital inclination as described above. During the procedure below occasionally check to ensure that the inclination is exactly zeroed and make correction burns as necessary.
  3. Bring one point on your orbit (ideally an apsis) tangent to the target orbit. You will see an orange/purple pair of arrows. Each colored arrow corresponds to the relative position of you and your target. The orange is the nearest encounter, and the purple is the next encounter after that.
  4. At the point of nearest encounter maneuver to make:
    1. your orbits as close as possible to each other.
    2. the next encounter (probably right back here) to within 0.5km or so.
  5. On reaching that encounter, burn to match velocity. Your orbits and velocities should now be nearly identical, and position separated only by a fraction of a kilometer.
  6. Go back to the staging or docking screen. Click on the "point of reference" on the Navball until it displays the relative target velocity This number should be low at this point, within 10m/s.
  7. Now slowly "drive" towards your target by aligning the "orbit prograde" and "target prograde" icons on your Navball. Do not exceed ~10m/s. You will probably want to just use RCS thrusters at this point. (If you forgot to put RCS on your rocket... good luck!)
  8. Slow down gradually to ~1m/s by the time you are within 50 meters or so.
  9. Try not to bump into anything while you are docking. See the docking article for how to actually connect your vessels.