Difference between revisions of "Parachute"
(→Deployment: Not outdated any more. N.B. the template will only give accurate results for 0.02 and 0.04, so don't use it to do a altitude for pressure table for other pressures, until such times as it is fixed.) |
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'''Parachutes''' are parts that when deployed slow down the speed of a [[craft]] in an [[atmosphere]] by creating drag. In [[career mode]] this allows to [[Recovery|recover]] craft landed on [[Kerbin]] which returns [[funds]]. | '''Parachutes''' are parts that when deployed slow down the speed of a [[craft]] in an [[atmosphere]] by creating drag. In [[career mode]] this allows to [[Recovery|recover]] craft landed on [[Kerbin]] which returns [[funds]]. | ||
| − | While in theory it is possible to recover boosters like the [[w:Space Shuttle Solid Rocket Booster|Solid Rocket Booster]]s of the Space Shuttle with parachutes, it's difficult in practice because all craft outside the 2.5 km sphere around the controlled craft while in the | + | While in theory it is possible to recover boosters like the [[w:Space Shuttle Solid Rocket Booster|Solid Rocket Booster]]s of the Space Shuttle with parachutes, it's difficult in practice because all craft without [[Command module|command modules]] outside the 2.5 km sphere around the controlled craft while in the atmosphere are removed. The timing has to be so that the circularization of the orbit with the main craft is not while the boosters are in the lower atmosphere.<ref>“[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M3DyY3Y5G9E Kerbal Space Program - Recovery And Reuse Tutorial in First Contract]” on YouTube by Scott Manley</ref> |
== Usage == | == Usage == | ||
[[File:Tweakable.png|thumb|left|The options on a [[Mk16 Parachute]]]] | [[File:Tweakable.png|thumb|left|The options on a [[Mk16 Parachute]]]] | ||
| − | Parachutes are used on bodies with atmospheres such as [[Kerbin]] and [[Eve]] to slow the craft for a landing. The deceleration depends on both the mass of the craft and the density of the atmosphere. Therefore | + | Parachutes are used on bodies with atmospheres such as [[Kerbin]] and [[Eve]] to slow the craft for a landing. The deceleration depends on both the mass of the craft and the density of the atmosphere. Therefore craft that are either very heavy or land on bodies with thin atmospheres ([[Duna]], [[Laythe]]) require either multiple parachutes or additional engines for a soft landing. Parachutes can also be used to aid with [[aerobraking]] to create additional drag. On the other hand, a heavier parachute part generates more drag than a lighter parachute. Parachutes can also be used to help stop space planes as they land. |
| − | Parachutes require a minimum air pressure to deploy, so they will work neither in higher parts of atmospheres nor in a vacuum (see [[Parachute#Deployment|Deployment]]). | + | Parachutes require a minimum air pressure to deploy, so they will work neither in higher parts of atmospheres nor in a vacuum (see [[Parachute#Deployment|Deployment]]). Parachutes will automatically cut once the pressure applied to them falls below the pressure set in the tweakables, for example when the craft is at rest. |
| − | A deployed parachute can also be cut manually (right-click on parachute and executing ''Cut Parachute''). Once cut, they can be repacked | + | A deployed parachute can also be cut manually (right-click on parachute and executing '''''Cut Parachute'''''). Once cut, they can be repacked on [[EVA]] by a level 1+ [[engineer]]. (To do this, right-click on the parachute and click '''''Repack Chute'''''.) Repacked Parachutes can be deployed like fresh ones, although the staging sequence must be reordered to be able to stage them normally. |
| − | [[File: | + | {{clear|right}} |
| − | [[File: | + | <span id="Staging icons"></span> |
| − | + | {| class="wikitable" align="right" | |
| + | |- | ||
| + | ! Icon!! Meaning | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | ! [[File:Parachute_icon-ud_at_rest.png|32px]] | ||
| + | | At rest / safe to deploy | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | ! [[File:Parachute_icon-ud_unsafe.png|32px]] | ||
| + | | Not safe to deploy | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | ! [[File:Parachute_icon-dep_unsafe_notsemideployed.png|32px]] | ||
| + | | Released while unsafe and insufficient pressure | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | ! [[File:Parachute_icon-destroyed.png|32px]] | ||
| + | | Destroyed | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | ! [[File:Parachute_icon-safe.png|32px]] | ||
| + | | Risky / probably safe to deploy | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | ! [[File:Parachute_icon-semideployed.png|32px]] | ||
| + | | Semi-deployed | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | ! [[File:Parachute_icon-fullydeployed.png|32px]] | ||
| + | | Fully deployed | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | |} | ||
| + | |||
| + | Changes were made to the staging icons in version [[1.0.5]]. The staging background colour now indicates whether or not it is safe to deploy the parachute, being light grey when safe to deploy or at rest, a yellow-green colour to indicate that deployment may be risky (at around 250 m/s on Kerbin for main parachutes, nearly twice this speed for drogues) and dark red at any higher speed. The foreground colour (i.e. the colour of the parachute itself) indicates the state of the parachute, starting at white (unstaged/undeployed) and running through cyan (released but insufficient pressure to semi-deploy), yellow (semi-deployed), green (fully deployed) and bright red (destroyed). | ||
| + | |||
| + | A cyan parachute on a red background is therefore a highly undesirable combination since it means that the parachute has been released at too high a speed and will be destroyed as soon as air pressure is high enough for semi-deployment. Recovery will only be possible by slowing before air pressure rises, or (if time permits) by right-clicking the parachute to disarm it. Accidentally staging the parachute in space is therefore recoverable via the part's right-click window. | ||
| + | |||
| + | The mean parameters of the deployment are [[tweakable]]. The tweaking is possible in the small window popping up by right-clicking on the parachute in the [[editor]] or during the spaceflights: | ||
| + | :'''''Altitude''''' (50-5 000 m) - The full deployment's altitude <u>above ground level</u>. | ||
| + | :'''''Min Pressure''''' (0,01-0,5 atm) - The semi deployment's pressure threshold. | ||
| + | {{clear}} | ||
== Parts == | == Parts == | ||
| − | There are currently | + | There are currently five options for parachutes. |
{{Stats Table Parachutes}} | {{Stats Table Parachutes}} | ||
| Line 25: | Line 59: | ||
== Deployment == | == Deployment == | ||
| − | Parachutes semi-deploy at different altitudes on different bodies | + | Parachutes semi-deploy at a specific atmospheric pressure. which is situated in different altitudes on different bodies (rough semi deployment altitudes are shown below). Contrastingly, full deployment occurs depending on height above ground, not pressure. Deployment altitudes and pressures of various parachutes can be found in the above table. |
| + | |||
| + | Both of these deployment settings are [[tweakable]]; Although, the semi-deployment pressures are set at minimum by default, so it's only possible to delay semi-deployment by tweaking. A delayed semi-deployment, along with prior areobraking, can avert broken parachutes due to high temperature on reentry | ||
{{Deploy Table Parachutes}} | {{Deploy Table Parachutes}} | ||
| − | + | == Trivia == | |
| + | <div style="float:right;">[[File:MK16XL.png|thumb|upright|left|Pre-0.18 [[Mk16-XL Parachute|Mk16-XL]]]][[File:MK16.png|thumb|upright|Pre-0.18 [[Mk16 Parachute|Mk16]]]]</div> | ||
| + | Before version [[0.18]] the image shown in the part selector of the [[VAB]] and [[SPH]] showed the parachute deployed. Since then all parachutes are shown stowed. | ||
| + | {{clear}} | ||
== References == | == References == | ||
<references /> | <references /> | ||
Latest revision as of 19:05, 5 February 2021
Parachutes are parts that when deployed slow down the speed of a craft in an atmosphere by creating drag. In career mode this allows to recover craft landed on Kerbin which returns funds.
While in theory it is possible to recover boosters like the Solid Rocket Boosters of the Space Shuttle with parachutes, it's difficult in practice because all craft without command modules outside the 2.5 km sphere around the controlled craft while in the atmosphere are removed. The timing has to be so that the circularization of the orbit with the main craft is not while the boosters are in the lower atmosphere.[1]
Contents
Usage
Parachutes are used on bodies with atmospheres such as Kerbin and Eve to slow the craft for a landing. The deceleration depends on both the mass of the craft and the density of the atmosphere. Therefore craft that are either very heavy or land on bodies with thin atmospheres (Duna, Laythe) require either multiple parachutes or additional engines for a soft landing. Parachutes can also be used to aid with aerobraking to create additional drag. On the other hand, a heavier parachute part generates more drag than a lighter parachute. Parachutes can also be used to help stop space planes as they land.
Parachutes require a minimum air pressure to deploy, so they will work neither in higher parts of atmospheres nor in a vacuum (see Deployment). Parachutes will automatically cut once the pressure applied to them falls below the pressure set in the tweakables, for example when the craft is at rest.
A deployed parachute can also be cut manually (right-click on parachute and executing Cut Parachute). Once cut, they can be repacked on EVA by a level 1+ engineer. (To do this, right-click on the parachute and click Repack Chute.) Repacked Parachutes can be deployed like fresh ones, although the staging sequence must be reordered to be able to stage them normally.
| Icon | Meaning |
|---|---|
|
At rest / safe to deploy |
|
Not safe to deploy |
|
Released while unsafe and insufficient pressure |
|
Destroyed |
|
Risky / probably safe to deploy |
|
Semi-deployed |
|
Fully deployed |
Changes were made to the staging icons in version 1.0.5. The staging background colour now indicates whether or not it is safe to deploy the parachute, being light grey when safe to deploy or at rest, a yellow-green colour to indicate that deployment may be risky (at around 250 m/s on Kerbin for main parachutes, nearly twice this speed for drogues) and dark red at any higher speed. The foreground colour (i.e. the colour of the parachute itself) indicates the state of the parachute, starting at white (unstaged/undeployed) and running through cyan (released but insufficient pressure to semi-deploy), yellow (semi-deployed), green (fully deployed) and bright red (destroyed).
A cyan parachute on a red background is therefore a highly undesirable combination since it means that the parachute has been released at too high a speed and will be destroyed as soon as air pressure is high enough for semi-deployment. Recovery will only be possible by slowing before air pressure rises, or (if time permits) by right-clicking the parachute to disarm it. Accidentally staging the parachute in space is therefore recoverable via the part's right-click window.
The mean parameters of the deployment are tweakable. The tweaking is possible in the small window popping up by right-clicking on the parachute in the editor or during the spaceflights:
- Altitude (50-5 000 m) - The full deployment's altitude above ground level.
- Min Pressure (0,01-0,5 atm) - The semi deployment's pressure threshold.
Parts
There are currently five options for parachutes.
| Image | Part | Radial size | Cost (  ) |
Mass (t) |
Max. Temp. (K) |
Tolerance (m/s) |
Tolerance (g) |
Semi-Deployed Diameter |
Fully Deployed Diameter |
Semi-Deploy Pressure (atm) [Note 1] |
Full-Deploy Altitude (m AGL) [Note 1] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 |
Mk16 Parachute | Tiny | 422 | 0.1 | 2 500 | 12 | 50 | 0.8 | 20.7 | 0.04 | 1 000 |
 |
Mk16-XL Parachute | Small | 850 | 0.3 | 2 500 | 12 | 50 | 2.5 | 51.2 | 0.04 | 1 000 |
 |
Mk2-R Radial-Mount Parachute | Radial mounted | 400 | 0.1 | 2 500 | 12 | 50 | 1.6 | 41.3 | 0.04 | 1 000 |
 |
Mk25 Parachute | Small | 400 | 0.2 | 2 500 | 12 | 50 | 0.9 | 6.3 | 0.02 | 2 500 |
 |
Mk12-R Radial-Mount Drogue Chute | Radial mounted | 150 | 0.075 | 2 500 | 12 | 50 | 1.3 | 7.7 | 0.02 | 2 500 |
Deployment
Parachutes semi-deploy at a specific atmospheric pressure. which is situated in different altitudes on different bodies (rough semi deployment altitudes are shown below). Contrastingly, full deployment occurs depending on height above ground, not pressure. Deployment altitudes and pressures of various parachutes can be found in the above table.
Both of these deployment settings are tweakable; Although, the semi-deployment pressures are set at minimum by default, so it's only possible to delay semi-deployment by tweaking. A delayed semi-deployment, along with prior areobraking, can avert broken parachutes due to high temperature on reentry
| Semi-Deployment Altitude (m) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Image | Part | Eve | Kerbin | Duna | Jool | Laythe |
| |
Mk16 Parachute | 44 226 | 20 004 | 10 689 | 126 238 | 25 146 |
| |
Mk16-XL Parachute | 44 226 | 20 004 | 10 689 | 126 238 | 25 146 |
| |
Mk2-R Radial-Mount Parachute | 44 226 | 20 004 | 10 689 | 126 238 | 25 146 |
| |
Mk25 Parachute | 46 315 | 23 547 | 14 912 | 134 228 | 31 829 |
| |
Mk12-R Radial-Mount Drogue Chute | 46 315 | 23 547 | 14 912 | 134 228 | 31 829 |
Trivia
Before version 0.18 the image shown in the part selector of the VAB and SPH showed the parachute deployed. Since then all parachutes are shown stowed.
References
- ↑ “Kerbal Space Program - Recovery And Reuse Tutorial in First Contract” on YouTube by Scott Manley
