Science/ru

Первые несколько узлов в Дереве технологий, показывают разблокированную систему

Наука, также называемая очками исследований, необходима для разблокирования новых деталей в Дереве технологий. Они получаются при выполнении разных научных действий в различных местоположениях и последующими либо возвращениями аппарата обратно к Кербину, либо отправки Вашего научного анализа обратно на Кербин посредством антенны.

Научная деятельность

Это - обзор всех научных действий, которые могут быть выполнены. Большинство действий ограничено определенными высотами. В настоящее время^[outdated], планета Кербин и его луна Мун разделены на различные биомы. На некоторых высотах определенные эксперименты возвращают различные результаты в зависимости от биома.

Возможные варианты деятетьности в различных зонах

Местоположение (англ. Location)	Образцы с поверхности (англ. Surface Samples)	Доклады кербонавтов ао время работы вне летательного аппарата (англ. EVA report)	Доклад экипажа (англ. Crew Report)	Эксперименты (англ.Experiments)
				"Mystery Goo"(англ. Mystery Goo Containment Unit)	"SC-9001" (англ. SC-9001 Science Jr.)	Термометр "2HOT" (англ. 2HOT Thermometer)	Барометр "PresMat" (англ. PresMat Barometer)	Детектор отрицательных частиц Гравиоли "GRAVMAX"(англ. GRAVMAX Negative Gravioli Detector)	Сейсмический акселерометр "Double-C" (англ. ')	(англ. Sensor Array Computing Nose Cone)
On the ground	Biome	Biome	Biome	Biome	Biome	Biome	Biome (if atmosphere exists)	Biome	Biome (except water biome)	Biome (if atmosphere exists)
Lower atmosphere	—	Biome	Biome	Once	Once	Biome	Once	—	—	Biome
Upper atmosphere	—	Once	Once	Once	Once	Once	Once	—	—	Biome
Near space	—	Biome	Once	Once	Once	Once	—	Biome	—	—
Outer space	—	Once	Once	Once	Once	—	—	Biome	—	—

Игра полагает, что летательный аппарат находится на атмосферном участке только при условии, что он движется по суб-орбитальной траектории. Попытка взять результаты в верхних слоях атмосферы, при Баллистическом спуске (англ. aerobreaking), например, возвратит данные для "околоорбитального полета" вместо этого, даже если аппарат находится в пределах атмосферы.

Образцы с поверхности

Requires	any command pod, one Kerbal
Base value	30
Maximum value	40
Data scale	1
Transmission efficiency	50%

Образцы с поверхности могут быть собраны Кербанавтами при работе вне летательного аппарата (англ. EVA) на поверхности (или в океане) небесного тела. Результаты различны в зависимости от биома.

Доклады кербонавтов во вреня работы вне летательного аппарата (англ. EVA Reports)

Requires	any command pod, one Kerbal
Base value	8
Maximum value	10
Data scale	1
Transmission efficiency	50%

EVA reports are done by Kerbonauts on an EVA. Like crew reports they give different results depending on altitude and biome if performed low enough. The easiest way to take a low atmosphere reading is to jump while at the surface.

In contrast to crew reports and experiments, a Kerbonaut can memorize a different report for each condition he performed an EVA in during the mission.

Доклад экипажа (англ. Crew Reports)

Requires	any command pod
Base value	5
Maximum value	8
Data scale	1
Transmission efficiency	100%

Crew reports can be created in every manned command pod. Each command pod can only store one report at a time (Kerbonauts seem to be unable to memorize more than one at a time), but they can be sent home with an antenna without penalty allowing the crew to create a new one.

Crew reports differ between current celestial body, altitude, and at low altitudes also between different biomes.

Эксперименты

Experiments require parts like the Mystery Goo Containment Unit and behave similar to crew reports. They can be performed in different flight phases and on different celestial bodies returning different results. The biome, however, does not affect them unless the vessel has landed. Just like crew reports, each experiment part can only store one result at a time, but a result can be sent home with an antenna to allow the experiment to be performed again under the same or under new conditions. There is a penalty for sending it home instead of recovering the performed experiment, but when the craft has a steady supply of electricity to supply its antenna this doesn't matter much because an experiment can be repeated indefinitely resulting in the same science output as would be possible through recovery.

Experiment	Mystery Goo Observation	Materials Study	Temperature Scan	Atmospheric Pressure Scan	Seismic Scan	Gravity Scan	Atmosphere Analysis
Required part (tech tree lvl)	Mystery Goo Containment Unit (2)	SC-9001 Science Jr. (4)	2HOT Thermometer (5)	PresMat Barometer (6)	Double-C Seismic Accelerometer (7)	GRAVMAX Negative Gravioli Detector (8)	Sensor Array Computing Nose Cone (8)
Base value	10	25	8	12	20	20	20
Maximum value	18	35	10	14	23	22	24
Data scale	1	1	1	1	2.5	3	10
Transmission efficiency	40%	20%	60%	60%	60%	60%	90%

Восстановление летательных аппаратов (англ. Craft recovery)

Recovering a craft after it landed on Kerbin also yields science points by itself. Its value depends on how far the craft flew. Recovering a craft after a suborbital flight returns less valuable (but different) results than one which orbited the Mun, for example. The returned value appears to be 5 * (surfaces visited + bodies orbited).

Множители небесных тел

Celestial body	On the surface	Atmosphere	Altitude	Space	Altitude
Sun	N/A	N/A		11	1 Gm
Moho	9	N/A		8	80 km
Eve	12	7	~20 km	7	400 km
Gilly	9	N/A		8	6 km
Kerbin	0.4	0.7	18 km	1	250 km
Mun	4	N/A		3	60 km
Minmus	5	N/A		4	30 km
Duna	8	7	12	7	140 km
Ike	9	N/A		8	50 km
Dres	8	N/A		7	25 km
Jool	N/A	7	~118 km	7	4000 km
Laythe	10	9	~10 km	9	200 km
Vall	10	N/A		9	90 km
Tylo	11	N/A		10	250 km
Bop	9	N/A		8	25 km
Pol	9	N/A		8	~21 km
Eeloo	9	N/A		8	60 km

Each celestial body has different multipliers applied to the collected scientific data, based upon where it is taken in relation to that body. Biomes do not affect these multipliers. The only exception is Kerbin on the surface for the KSC, runway, and launch pad where the multiplier is 0.3 instead of 0.4.

The altitudes given in this table determine the altitude above mean sea level of the boundary between lower and upper atmosphere and between near and outer space. The upper atmosphere extends to the atmospheric height and the outer space extends up to the end of the sphere of influence.

Повторные эксперименты

Performing the same activity multiple times in the same environment yields additional science points, but with diminishing returns each time the activity is repeated.
Each activity will provide a certain amount of science points, and the subsequent amount will be decreased whenever some science points are already obtained (either through recovery or transmission). This decrease depends on the amount of received points, which means it makes no difference whether a player recovers or transmits data: the maximum amount of science which can be obtained is always a constant.

Вычисления научной значимости

There are several forms of equations relating the yield to the number of times the experiment has performed depending of the desired result.

Пошаговая форма

This form calculates the yield of each run (i.e the increase of science). Its advantages are

• being the most straightforward, because the equation that was coded into the save-file is in step form
• easier to calculate the yield of each run than the total form (see below)
• still works when both transmission and recovery are performed

The equation is as follows:

${\begin{aligned}y&=S\cdot M\cdot T\left(1-{\frac {p}{C\cdot M}}\right)=S\cdot T\left(M-{\frac {p}{C}}\right)\\&=S\cdot M\cdot T\left(1-{\frac {S\cdot T}{C}}\right)^{n}\end{aligned}}$

Где:

• $y$ is the yield obtained at that run
• $S$ is the science. Listed as the base value in tables above, it is a constant based on the type of experiment.
• $C$ is the science cap. Listed as the maximum value in tables above, it is a constant based on the type of experiment.
• $T$ is the transmission efficiency, which is 1 for recovering the vehicle on Kerbin.
• $M$ is the science modifier based on the situation (see the celestial body multiplier table).
• $p$ is the sum of previous science gained from this experiment in this situation, and
• $n$ is the number of times the experiment has been performed in the past ($n=0$ for the first run of the experiment).

Итоговая форма

This form calculate the total yield for a number of runs. It is best suited for

• calculating the total yield for doing a lot of runs, or
• the amount of runs needed to achieve certain amount of science

, because the calculation is always done only once, in contrary to the step form.

Сокращенная итоговая форма

For experiments that have not been performed before, the total yield equation is as follows:

$p(t)=C\cdot M\cdot \left(1-\left(1-{\frac {S\cdot T}{C}}\right)^{t}\right)$

Где:

• $p(t)$ is the total science obtained from the start (which is identical to the definition above),
• $S$, $C$, $T$ and $M$ is same as above, and
• $t$ is the amount of times the experiment is going to be performed (compare $n$, the amount of times the experiment has been performed).

As can be seen in the total form, there is a asymptotic limit on the science on can get - it approaches $C\cdot M$ as one repeats the experiment, which is the maximum amount of science one can possibly get in a game.

Итоговая форма

If the experiment had been performed for some runs before, then the equation is as follows:

${\begin{aligned}P(t)&=p(n+t)-p(n)\\&=C\cdot M\cdot \left(1-{\frac {S\cdot T}{C}}\right)^{n}\cdot \left(1-\left(1-{\frac {S\cdot T}{C}}\right)^{t}\right)\\&=\left(1-{\frac {S\cdot T}{C}}\right)^{n}\cdot p(t)\end{aligned}}$

Где:

• $P(t)$ is the total yield, and every symbol is the same as above.

Note that this equation reduces into the step form when $t=1$, or the reduced total form when $n=0$, since $P(0)=0$.

Пропорциональная форма

If one only cares about the percentage $R\%$ of the remaining science that will be extracted, a very simple form can be used, as follows:

$R(t)=\left(1-\left(1-{\frac {S\cdot T}{C}}\right)^{t}\right)\cdot 100\%$

Где:

• $R(t)$ is the percentage of the science one will extract, and
• every symbol is the same as above.

Обратная форма

The inverse functions, calculating $t$ for a specific $p(t)$, $P(t)$ or $R(t)$ also exist, by taking log on both sides. Note that step form does not have any inverse, as it should be. The inverse forms are useful for determining the amount of times $t$ a experiment need to be performed to get a target science. For all functions every symbol is the same as in the original function. The logarithmic function $log$ can be performed at any base, provided that both bases are equal (and is a valid base).

Inverse reduced total form	Inverse total form	Inverse ration form
$t={\frac {log\left(1-{\frac {p(t)}{C\cdot M}}\right)}{log\left(1-{\frac {S\cdot T}{C}}\right)}}$	$t={\frac {log\left(\left(1-{\frac {S\cdot T}{C}}\right)^{n}-{\frac {P(t)}{C\cdot M}}\right)}{log\left(1-{\frac {S\cdot T}{C}}\right)}}-n$	$t={\frac {log\left(1-R(t)\right)}{log\left(1-{\frac {S\cdot T}{C}}\right)}}$

Известные ошибки

• The Seismic Scan, Gravity Scan and Atmosphere Analysis experiments show more science value in the report window than is retrieved upon recovery or transmission (issue 1578).