Difference between revisions of "Science"

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m (→‎Repeating experiments: Indicate that the reduction is not the same for all science (based on discussion))
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Recovering a craft after it landed on Kerbin also yields science points by itself. Its value depends on how far the craft flew. Recovering a craft after a suborbital flight returns less valuable (but different) results than one which orbited the [[Mun]], for example.
 
Recovering a craft after it landed on Kerbin also yields science points by itself. Its value depends on how far the craft flew. Recovering a craft after a suborbital flight returns less valuable (but different) results than one which orbited the [[Mun]], for example.
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=== Planet multipliers ===
 +
 +
{| class="wikitable"
 +
|-
 +
! Planet
 +
| On the Surface
 +
| Lower Atmosphere
 +
| Upper Atmosphere
 +
| Near Space
 +
| Outer Space
 +
|-
 +
! Kerbin
 +
| 0.4
 +
| 0.7
 +
| 0.7
 +
| 1
 +
| 1
 +
|-
 +
! Mun
 +
| 4
 +
| N/A
 +
| N/A
 +
| 3
 +
| 3
 +
|-
 +
! Minmus
 +
| 5
 +
| N/A
 +
| N/A
 +
| 4
 +
| 4
 +
|-
 +
! Eve
 +
| 12
 +
| 7
 +
| 7
 +
| 7
 +
| 7
 +
|-
 +
! Gilly
 +
| 9
 +
| N/A
 +
| N/A
 +
| 8
 +
| 8
 +
|-
 +
! Duna
 +
| 8
 +
| 7
 +
| N/A
 +
| 7
 +
| 7
 +
|-
 +
! Ike
 +
| 9
 +
| N/A
 +
| N/A
 +
| 8
 +
| 8
 +
|-
 +
! Dres
 +
| 8
 +
| N/A
 +
| N/A
 +
| 7
 +
| 7
 +
|-
 +
! Moho
 +
| 9
 +
| N/A
 +
| N/A
 +
| 8
 +
| 8
 +
|-
 +
! Jool
 +
| N/A
 +
| 7
 +
| 7
 +
| 7
 +
| 7
 +
|-
 +
! Laythe
 +
| 10
 +
| 9
 +
| 9
 +
| 9
 +
| 9
 +
|-
 +
! Vall
 +
| 10
 +
| N/A
 +
| N/A
 +
| 9
 +
| 9
 +
|-
 +
! Tylo
 +
| 11
 +
| N/A
 +
| N/A
 +
| 10
 +
| 10
 +
|-
 +
! Bop
 +
| 9
 +
| N/A
 +
| N/A
 +
| 8
 +
| 8
 +
|-
 +
! Pol
 +
| 9
 +
| N/A
 +
| N/A
 +
| 8
 +
| 8
 +
|-
 +
! Eeloo
 +
| 9
 +
| N/A
 +
| N/A
 +
| 8
 +
| 8
 +
|-
 +
! Sun
 +
| N/A
 +
| N/A
 +
| N/A
 +
| 11
 +
| 11
 +
|}
 +
 +
Each planet and moon has different multipliers applied to the science data you collect, based upon where it is taken in relation to that body.  Biomes do not affect these multipliers.  The only exception is Kerbin on the surface for the KSC, Runway, and Launchpad: the multiplier for these is 0.3 instead of 0.4.
  
 
=== Repeating experiments ===
 
=== Repeating experiments ===

Revision as of 04:01, 25 October 2013

The first few stages of the Tech tree, showing the unlock system

Science, sometimes called science points, is needed to unlock new parts in the tech tree. It is obtained by performing different scientific activities at different locations and then either returning to Kerbin and recovering the craft or sending your scientific analysis home through an antenna.

Science activities

This is an overview of all science activities which can be performed. Most activities are restricted to certain heights. Currently[outdated] the planet Kerbin and its moon Mun are divided into different biomes. On some heights, some experiments return different results per biome.

Possible activities in different locations
Location Surface Samples EVA report Crew Report Experiments
Mystery Goo Containment Unit SC-9001 Science Jr. 2HOT Thermometer PresMat Barometer GRAVMAX Negative Gravioli Detector Double-C Seismic Accelerometer Sensor Array Computing Nose Cone
On the ground Biome Biome Biome Biome Biome Biome Biome
(if atmosphere exists) 		Biome Biome
(except water biome) 		Biome
(if atmosphere exists)
Lower atmosphere — Biome Biome Once Once Once Once — — Biome
Upper atmosphere — Once Once Once Once Once Once — — Biome
Near space — Biome Once Once Once Once — Biome — —
Outer space — Once Once Once Once — — Biome — —

Crew Reports

Requires any command pod
Base value 5
Maximum value 8
Data scale 1
Transmission efficiency 100%

Crew reports can be created in every manned command pod. Each command pod can only store one report at a time (Kerbonauts seem to be unable to memorize more than one at a time), but they can be sent home with an antenna without penalty allowing the crew to create a new one.

Crew reports differ between current celestial body, altitude, and at low altitudes also between different biomes.

Experiments

Experiments are parts like the Mystery Goo Containment Unit and behave similar to crew reports. They can be performed in different flight phases and on different celestial bodies returning different results. The biome, however, does not affect them unless the vessel has landed. Just like crew reports, each experiment part can only store one result at a time, but a result can be sent home with an antenna to allow the experiment to be performed again under the same or under new conditions. There is a penalty for sending it home instead of recovering the performed experiment, but when the craft has a steady supply of electricity to supply its antenna this doesn't matter much because an experiment can be repeated indefinitely resulting in the same science output as would be possible through recovery.

Experiment Mystery Goo Observation Materials Study Temperature Scan Atmospheric Pressure Scan Seismic Scan Gravity Scan Atmosphere Analysis
Required part Mystery Goo Containment Unit SC-9001 Science Jr. 2HOT Thermometer PresMat Barometer Double-C Seismic Accelerometer GRAVMAX Negative Gravioli Detector Avionics Package
Base value 10 25 8 12 20 20 20
Maximum value 18 35 10 14 23 22 24
Data scale 1 1 1 1 2.5 3 10
Transmission efficiency 40% 20% 60% 60% 60% 60% 90%

EVA Reports

Requires any command pod, one Kerbal
Base value 8
Maximum value 10
Data scale 1
Transmission efficiency 50%

EVA reports are done by Kerbonauts on an EVA. Like crew reports they give different results depending on altitude and biome if performed low enough.

In contrast to crew reports and experiments, a Kerbonaut can memorize a different report for each condition he performed an EVA in during the mission.

Surface Samples

Requires any command pod, one Kerbal
Base value 30
Maximum value 40
Data scale 1
Transmission efficiency 50%

Surface samples can be taken by Kerbonauts when performing an EVA on the ground (or in the oceans) of a celestial bodies. The results vary by biome.

Craft recovery

Recovering a craft after it landed on Kerbin also yields science points by itself. Its value depends on how far the craft flew. Recovering a craft after a suborbital flight returns less valuable (but different) results than one which orbited the Mun, for example.

Planet multipliers

Planet On the Surface Lower Atmosphere Upper Atmosphere Near Space Outer Space
Kerbin 0.4 0.7 0.7 1 1
Mun 4 N/A N/A 3 3
Minmus 5 N/A N/A 4 4
Eve 12 7 7 7 7
Gilly 9 N/A N/A 8 8
Duna 8 7 N/A 7 7
Ike 9 N/A N/A 8 8
Dres 8 N/A N/A 7 7
Moho 9 N/A N/A 8 8
Jool N/A 7 7 7 7
Laythe 10 9 9 9 9
Vall 10 N/A N/A 9 9
Tylo 11 N/A N/A 10 10
Bop 9 N/A N/A 8 8
Pol 9 N/A N/A 8 8
Eeloo 9 N/A N/A 8 8
Sun N/A N/A N/A 11 11

Each planet and moon has different multipliers applied to the science data you collect, based upon where it is taken in relation to that body. Biomes do not affect these multipliers. The only exception is Kerbin on the surface for the KSC, Runway, and Launchpad: the multiplier for these is 0.3 instead of 0.4.

Repeating experiments


Performing the same activity multiple times in the same environment yields additional science points, but with diminishing returns each time the activity is repeated.

When an experiment is recovered after landing on Kerbin, its scientific value is reduced by 80% of its current value when it is performed again under the same conditions.

When it is transmitted instead, this reduction is reduced by the transmission efficiency. 

For the following variables
yield: y
science: s
previous science: p
Reduction: R, which is a constant based on the type of science
transmission efficiency: t

The general formula for the first experiment is y = s ( t ).
The general formula for repeated experiments is y = p ( 1 - Rt ).


Bringing an item back to Kerbin has a transmission efficiency of 1 (100%).

So an experiment with a value of 10 and a transmit value of 60% will yield 6 on first transmission. The second transmission it will yield 6 * ( 1 - ( .8 * .6 ) = 3.12 science. The third yields 3.12 * ( 1 - ( .8 * .6 ) ) = 1.62.

As a result it doesn't matter if the player transmits lots of times or returns a few times. In the end the total scientific yield of each experiment on Kerbin will always approach 125% of its initial value.


Roughly speaking experiments that are transmitted at 20% efficiency take about 9 transmissions to yield 99% of the amount of science as a single run of that experiment when recovered on the surface of Kerbin. 50% transmission requires about 3 transmissions to deliver 98% of the amount compared to a single run of that experiment recovered on the Kerbin surface.

Known Bugs

  • The Seismic Scan, Gravity Scan and Atmosphere Analysis experiments show more science value in the report window than is retrieved upon recovery or transmission (issue 1578).
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