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Duna/Data

Duna是Kerbol 星系中的第四颗行星。它实际上是火星在 Kerbal 太空计划中的化身，除了两极覆盖的极冠外都呈红色。它拥有一颗天然卫星，Ike 卫星。由于 Ike 的体积和它的近距离轨道，Ike 绕 Duna 同步自转。

如果利用合适的气动减速手段，从 Kerbin 到 Duna 轨道的往返航程需要大约 1700 m/s 的 delta-v，比去其他行星的旅程都要小。由于其低轨道倾角，登陆 Duna 无疑是相对最容易的。

地形

A topographic map of Duna made with the ISA MapSat plugin

Duna 地表的海拔高度变化范围是 23 m ～ 4740 m 。它多山的地形无疑是飞行器着陆所面临的一大困难，尤其是考虑到它稀薄的大气层，气动刹车的效果不会太好。Duna 的极冠范围很大，这也是稀薄的大气层所造成的结果。

Duna 上有几处陨石坑，但似乎被侵蚀的很厉害，很可能是风的作用。还有一个区域遍布着深洞（有些深度超过 1 km），这些似乎不太可能是陨石造成的（或许是所谓的天坑？）。

还有一些月海区域（大片的深色土壤）位于海拔 0 米的区域.这里地面平坦，海拔低，气动刹车距离较长，因此适合降落着陆，但缺点是这里的环境过于单调。

Duna 上还分布着一些神秘的地点。

Atmosphere

A comparison of the atmospheres of Duna and Kerbin

Duna's atmosphere begins at 41,446 m. It is only 20% as dense as Kerbin's at altitude 0 and is even less dense (relative to Kerbin) at higher altitudes. This effect becomes especially noticeable at Duna's highest points, where its atmosphere is only 21% as dense as its atmosphere at altitude 0. (For comparison, on Kerbin, the atmosphere at the highest peaks is 45% as thick as at sea level.) This lack of density will cause parachutes to semi-deploy much lower, just over 10km for the Mk25 and just under 9km for all the other parachutes.

Landing

When landing on Duna, aerobraking can reduce orbital and surface velocity greatly, saving fuel. For best results, an aerobraking maneuver should maximize time spent in the atmosphere by entering at a shallow angle and aiming for a landing location in a low-lying area.

Like all atmospheres in the game, Duna's atmosphere fades exponentially with increasing altitude (with a scale height of 3000 m). In general, the atmospheric pressure on Duna at an altitude expressed in meters is:^[1]

${\displaystyle p_{d}=0.2\ e^{-altitude/3000}}$

Parachutes work at lower efficiency than on Kerbin, making powered descent necessary when landing from orbit (unless you have enough drag/parachutes).

Flying

The atmosphere of Duna might be thin, but on heights below 5 km it is thick enough that wings can generate enough lift to make aerodynamic flight possible. Jet engines don't work due to lack of oxygen, but other propulsion methods work well. Performing a horizontal landing with a plane is also possible.

Starting

An ascent to Low Duna Orbit from the surface typically requires around 1500 to 2000 m/s in Delta-V, leaving you in an orbit at 42km altitude traveling at roughly 950 m/s.

The following table gives terminal velocities at different Duna altitudes. These are also the velocities at which a ship should travel for a fuel-optimal ascent from Duna, given the game's model of atmospheric drag.^[2]

Tracking Station Info

Also known as the red dot that you can see if you squint really hard, Duna has long been a wonder to Kerbalkind. The planet has been held in much awe, due to its striking red color and stark contrast to the color green.

Orbital Statistics

The geosynchronous orbit of Duna is at an altitude of 0.00 米 above Duna. The speed of the satellite is 0.00 米/秒 and it has an orbital period resonating with 1 Duna day (18.2 hours or 65517.859375 seconds). However, this is the same altitude at which Ike orbits, so unless a ship's orbit is perfectly precise, it will eventually be captured by Ike.

For a semi-synchronous orbit of ½ Duna day (9.1 hours or 32758.9295 seconds) an orbit of 0.00 米 above Duna is needed with a velocity of 0.00 米/秒.

Observation of Ike

Ike's orbit keeps it directly above a short range of Duna longitudes. The average Duna longitude where Ike tends to stay directly above in the sky (at the Zenith) is 6 degrees east, but the exact longitude oscillates between about 2 degrees and 10 degrees east due to the eccentricity of Ike's orbit. This eccentricity also makes Ike appear to grow slightly larger and smaller to an observer on the surface of Duna. The latitude for which Ike is in the Zenith also oscillates between 0.2 degrees south and 0.2 degrees north due to Ike's orbital inclination, making Ike appear to rotate upwards and downwards as viewed from the surface, but due to the extremely small orbital inclination, this effect is nearly imperceptible. These phenomena together are known as libration. Due to the oscillation in Ike's position above the horizon, areas from 88°W to 80°W and 92°E to 100°E on Duna can observe Ike rise and set at least partially across the horizon, as can any areas north of 89.8°N or south of 89.8°S.

Interplanetary Travel

From altitude orbit around Duna, the amount of delta-V needed to reach the orbits of other celestials is as follows:

Reference Frames

Gallery

• 

  Parachute descent down to Duna surface.

• 

  ISA satellite in orbit over Duna being used to map the planet surface.

• 

  Duna's surface at Dawn.

• Duna projection.png

  A false color Mercator projection of Duna's surface using MapSat.

• 

  Duna and Ike.

• 

  A topographic height map of Duna made with the ISA MapSat plugin

• 

  A color map of Duna

• 

  Duna at sunrise

• 

  A rover at the edge of one of the "sinkholes"

Changes

0.18

• Minor art pass

0.17

• Initial Release

Trivia

• Duna's name may be either a reference to its desert landscape or a shout-out to the Frank Herbert novel Dune.
• The low-lying areas near Duna's equator make a shape resembling Europe.

Notes

1. ↑ A nuclear engine has a specific impulse of 220 in 1 atm, 800 in vacuum, and the following at various Duna altitudes:

   altitude (m)	2	100	300	500	1460	2420	3000	4272	5000	10000
   specific impulse	684.1	687.8	695.1	701.8	728.7	748.2	757.3	772.1	778.1	795.9

2. ↑ http://forum.kerbalspaceprogram.com/showthread.php/6664-Mini-challenge-max-altitude-with-this-supplied-spacecraft?p=100912&viewfull=1#post100912

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