Difference between revisions of "Kerbin"
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| − | '''Kerbin''' | + | '''Kerbin''' is the home planet of the [[Kerbal]]s, the location of the [[Kerbal Space Center|Space Center]], and the main focus of [[Kerbal Space Program]]. It is the [[w:Earth|Earth]] analog for the game. It has two [[moon]]s, named '''[[Mun]]''' and '''[[Minmus]]'''. |
| + | |||
| + | Kerbin is the third planet in [[orbit]] around the star [[Kerbol]]. It is the third largest planet (after [[Jool]] and [[Eve]]) and the fourth largest celestial object around Kerbol (with [[Tylo]], a moon of Jool, being slightly larger). | ||
| + | |||
| + | Reaching a stable orbit around Kerbin is one of the first milestones a player might achieve in the game. Achieving such an orbit with a fuel-optimal ascent<ref>A fuel-optimal ascent is one which (a) minimizes velocity losses to gravity and atmospheric drag and (b) launches eastward (toward the 90 degree heading) to gain 174.5 m/s of orbital velocity for free, thanks to Kerbin's rotation.</ref> requires a delta-V of approximately 4.45 to 4.7 km/s.<ref>[http://i.imgur.com/CEZS1.png Kerbin Delta-V Chart]</ref> For many interplanetary missions, this represents over half of the flight's total delta-V requirement. (This is also true of Earth-based interplanetary spaceflights, leading one observer to remark that "If you can get your ship into orbit, you're halfway to anywhere."<ref>Robert Heinlein, quoted on page 194 of ''A Step Farther Out'' by Jerry Pournelle.</ref>) | ||
== Topography == | == Topography == | ||
| − | [[File:Kerbin ISA Topo.png| | + | {| |
| + | | | ||
| + | [[File:Kerbin ISA Topo.png|right|thumb|Topographical image of Kerbin.]] | ||
Kerbin has a roughly equal distribution of surface liquid water and solid land, with polar icecaps and scattered deserts. There are mountains exceeding 3 km in height, with the tallest peak being at least 3750 m in altitude.<ref>http://kerbalspaceprogram.com/forum/index.php?topic=11388.msg176509#msg176509 {{broken link}}</ref> | Kerbin has a roughly equal distribution of surface liquid water and solid land, with polar icecaps and scattered deserts. There are mountains exceeding 3 km in height, with the tallest peak being at least 3750 m in altitude.<ref>http://kerbalspaceprogram.com/forum/index.php?topic=11388.msg176509#msg176509 {{broken link}}</ref> | ||
| − | + | |} | |
== Atmosphere == | == Atmosphere == | ||
| − | Kerbin has an atmosphere of unknown composition, though because Kerbin has plants and animals, it can be assumed there is O<sub>2</sub>, N<sub>2</sub>, and CO<sub>2</sub>. | + | <!-- SPECULATION: Kerbin has an atmosphere of unknown composition, though because Kerbin has plants and animals, it can be assumed there is O<sub>2</sub>, N<sub>2</sub>, and CO<sub>2</sub>. -->Kerbin's atmosphere contains oxygen and extends to roughly 69,078 meters. Its atmosphere becomes exponentially less dense as altitude increases (with a scale height of 5 km).<ref>{{forum link|threadID=16000|threadName=[KGSS] Examining Kerbin's atmosphere}}</ref> In general, the atmospheric pressure and density on Kerbin, at an altitude expressed in meters, are: |
: <math>p_k = e^{-altitude/5000}</math> | : <math>p_k = e^{-altitude/5000}</math> | ||
| − | : <math>d_k = 1.2223\ p_k</math> | + | : <math>d_k = 1.2223\ p_k</math> (expressed in kg/m<sup>3</sup>) |
| − | + | == Orbits == | |
| − | |||
[[w:Geosynchronous_orbit|Geosynchronous orbit]] is achieved at an altitude of | [[w:Geosynchronous_orbit|Geosynchronous orbit]] is achieved at an altitude of | ||
{{OrbitAltitude | period_s=21600 | mass_kg=5.29157926281091e22 | radius_km=600 }} (1008.9 m/s). A [[w:semi-synchronous_orbit|semi-synchronous orbit]] with an orbital period of 1/2 of Kerbal (3 hours or 10800 seconds) is achieved at an altitude of | {{OrbitAltitude | period_s=21600 | mass_kg=5.29157926281091e22 | radius_km=600 }} (1008.9 m/s). A [[w:semi-synchronous_orbit|semi-synchronous orbit]] with an orbital period of 1/2 of Kerbal (3 hours or 10800 seconds) is achieved at an altitude of | ||
Revision as of 18:39, 31 October 2012
Kerbin is the home planet of the Kerbals, the location of the Space Center, and the main focus of Kerbal Space Program. It is the Earth analog for the game. It has two moons, named Mun and Minmus.
Kerbin is the third planet in orbit around the star Kerbol. It is the third largest planet (after Jool and Eve) and the fourth largest celestial object around Kerbol (with Tylo, a moon of Jool, being slightly larger).
Reaching a stable orbit around Kerbin is one of the first milestones a player might achieve in the game. Achieving such an orbit with a fuel-optimal ascent[1] requires a delta-V of approximately 4.45 to 4.7 km/s.[2] For many interplanetary missions, this represents over half of the flight's total delta-V requirement. (This is also true of Earth-based interplanetary spaceflights, leading one observer to remark that "If you can get your ship into orbit, you're halfway to anywhere."[3])
Contents
Topography
|
Kerbin has a roughly equal distribution of surface liquid water and solid land, with polar icecaps and scattered deserts. There are mountains exceeding 3 km in height, with the tallest peak being at least 3750 m in altitude.[4] |
Atmosphere
Kerbin's atmosphere contains oxygen and extends to roughly 69,078 meters. Its atmosphere becomes exponentially less dense as altitude increases (with a scale height of 5 km).[5] In general, the atmospheric pressure and density on Kerbin, at an altitude expressed in meters, are:
- (expressed in kg/m3)
Orbits
Geosynchronous orbit is achieved at an altitude of 0.00 m (1008.9 m/s). A semi-synchronous orbit with an orbital period of 1/2 of Kerbal (3 hours or 10800 seconds) is achieved at an altitude of 0.00 m with an orbital velocity of 0.00 m/s.
Interplanetary Travel
From the lowest stable orbit around Kerbin (70 km), the amount of delta-V needed to reach the orbits of other celestials is as follows:
| Body | Delta-V | |
|---|---|---|
| Mun | ~860 m/s | |
| Minmus | ~930 m/s | |
| Eve | ~1033 m/s | |
| Duna | ~1060 m/s | |
| Moho | ~1676 m/s | |
| Jool | ~1915 m/s | |
Reference Frames
| Paid (0.17) | Demo (0.13.3) | |
|---|---|---|
| Rotational/Inertial transition | 100,000 m | 70,000 m |
| Warp | Minimum Altitude | |
| 1x | Any | |
| 2x | n/a | 0 m |
| 5x | 69,078 m (above the atmosphere) | |
| 10x | 69,078 m (above the atmosphere) | |
| 50x | 69,078 m | 150,000 m |
| 100x | 120,000 m | 300,000 m |
| 1,000x | 240,000 m | 600,000 m |
| 10,000x | 480,000 m | 1,200,000 m |
| 100,000x | 600,000 m | n/a |
Gallery
- NJ6qJ.jpg
A projection map of Kerbin, as of 0.14.1 and before (including the demo).
An accurate full-colour projection map of Kerbin as of 0.14.2 and above.
The second launch site (currently unused).
Kerbin, Mun and Minmus.
A topographic heightmap of Kerbin made with the ISA MapSat plugin
Changes
- Improved atmosphere visuals.
- Minmus added.
- Much more varied and taller terrain added. Prior to this, some mountain ranges exceeded 600 m in height, but the tallest point was at an altitude of approximately 900 m.[6]
- Mun added.
- Terrain overhaul, oceans became wet.
- Atmosphere extended from ~34,500 m to ~69,000 m.
- Initial Release
Notes
- ↑ A fuel-optimal ascent is one which (a) minimizes velocity losses to gravity and atmospheric drag and (b) launches eastward (toward the 90 degree heading) to gain 174.5 m/s of orbital velocity for free, thanks to Kerbin's rotation.
- ↑ Kerbin Delta-V Chart
- ↑ Robert Heinlein, quoted on page 194 of A Step Farther Out by Jerry Pournelle.
- ↑ http://kerbalspaceprogram.com/forum/index.php?topic=11388.msg176509#msg176509 [Broken Link]
- ↑ Forum thread 16000, "[KGSS] Examining Kerbin's atmosphere"
- ↑ http://kerbalspaceprogram.com/forum/index.php?topic=6446.0 [Broken Link]
