Difference between revisions of "Tutorial: How to Get into Orbit/es"
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| − | + | {{Caution/es| | |
| − | + | *Las siguientes instrucciones seguramente fallen si se realizan con [[Rocket/es|cohetes]] grandes, ya que están pensadas para un [[Rocket/es|cohete]] pequeño y maniobrable. | |
| + | }} | ||
| + | Este tutorial describe un perfil de lanzamiento simple para poner un vehículo en [[Orbit/es|órbita]] sobre [[Kerbin/es|Kerbin]], y regresar. | ||
| − | + | ==Especificaciones== | |
| + | *'''Duración:''' 15–20 minutos | ||
| + | *'''Dificultad:''' Más difícil que un vuelo suborbital, más fácil que un intercepto orbital. | ||
| + | *'''Habilidades necesarias:''' Improvisación | ||
| + | *'''Para la versión:''' 1.0.2 | ||
| − | + | ==Diseño del cohete== | |
| − | + | [[File:Cheapest Kerbin Orbit Rocket Tut.png|thumb|right|180px|Cohete montado y listo para ser lanzado. Los [[TT18-A Launch Stability Enhancer]]s son opcionales. 0.25]] | |
| − | + | El cohete debe ser preferiblemente de combustible líquido con al menos dos etapas. Un ejemplo de un cohete para orbitar tripulado: | |
| − | |||
| − | + | *[[Command Pod Mk1]] | |
| + | *[[Mk16 Parachute]] | ||
| + | *[[Heat_Shield_(1.25m)]] | ||
| + | *[[TR-18A Stack Decoupler]] | ||
| + | *[[FL-T400 Fuel Tank]] | ||
| + | *[[LV-909 Liquid Fuel Engine]] | ||
| + | *Another [[TR-18A Stack Decoupler]] | ||
| + | *[[FL-T800 Fuel Tank]] | ||
| + | *[[LV-T30 Liquid Fuel Engine]] | ||
| − | + | Para asegurarse que la secuencia de las etapas es correcta, echa un vistazo a la guía de [[Tutorial:Game_Manual#Rocket_Staging|Rocket Staging]]. | |
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | == Pasos == | + | ==Pasos para orbitar y regresar== |
| − | === | + | ===Preparación del lanzamiento=== |
| − | + | # Ajusta el acelerador al máximo pulsando Z. | |
| − | y | + | # Activa el [[SAS]] pulsando T. |
| + | # Pulsa M para ir a la [[Map View/es|vista de mapa]]. Inclina la vista hasta que estés mirando hacia abajo y veas el Polo Norte de [[Kerbin/es|Kerbin]], así tendrás una vista clara del arco de trayectoria hacia el este y de la etiqueta del [[Apoapsis/es|apoapsis]]. | ||
| + | # Vuelve a la vista normal pulsando M para disfrutar el espectáculo del [[launch/es|lanzamiento]]. | ||
| − | + | ===Acelerar hasta 100 m/s=== | |
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | + | [[Launch/es|Despega]] pulsando la barra espaciadora y mantén el cohete apuntando hacia arriba hasta alcanzar la velocidad de 100 m/s. Usa la [[Navball/es|bola de navegación]] para mantener el [[Navball#Level_indicator|indicador de nivel]] centrado en el hemisferio azul. | |
| − | |||
| − | + | ===Pitch 10 degrees East=== | |
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | + | When the rocket's speed reaches 100 m/s, start a gravity turn by pressing the D key until the rocket is pitched 10 degrees towards the East. The heading ("HDG") on the Navball should now be 90 degrees. | |
| − | + | While the rocket accelerates, gravity will bend the trajectory downwards. On the Navball this can be observed as the [[Navball#Prograde_and_retrograde|Prograde marker]] dropping further down. Follow it by keeping the level indicator within the circle of the prograde marker at all times especially while in the lower atmosphere, but at about 30km the reaction wheels should be able to compensate. If craft nears the apoapsis too fast, which can be seen in a dropping time to apoapsis, it might be necessary to point “above” the prograde marker, away from the brown half. | |
| − | === | + | ===Throttle back at 300 m/s === |
| − | + | Throttle back with Ctrl when the rocket's speed approaches 300 m/s. Maintain a constant 300 m/s for a while by throttling up and down with Ctrl/Shift. | |
| − | + | Resume accelerating at full throttle when the rocket gets to 10 km altitude where the air is thinner. | |
| − | + | ===Stage=== | |
| − | |||
| − | + | The fuel of the first stage will run out before 20km altitude. Hit the space bar to discard it and to activate the second stage. Continue to accelerate at full throttle. | |
| − | + | Hit M to switch to map view. Click the Navball toggle at the bottom of the screen to make it visible again. Continue to watch the Navball and steer the rocket to keep it aligned it with prograde. | |
| + | ===Get apoapsis above 70 km=== | ||
| − | + | In map view, hover the mouse over the "AP" label on the highest point of the trajectory to monitor the apoapsis height; cut off the engine with X when it reaches 70 km (70,000 meters). | |
| − | + | Let the rocket coast towards apoapsis after cutting off the engine. | |
| − | == | + | ===Get periapsis above 70 km=== |
| − | + | As the rocket approaches apoapsis, orient it once more to align with the prograde marker. At 30 seconds before apoapsis, reignite the engine at full throttle with Z. The apoapsis will begin to shift ahead; aim to keep it roughly the same amount of time ahead by throttling up or down with Shift and Control. | |
| − | |||
| − | + | The projected trajectory will begin to widen until the PE label appears on the other side of the planet. A stable orbit will be reached when both apoapsis and periapsis are above 70 km. | |
| − | + | ===De-orbiting=== | |
| + | Wait until the craft is at apoapsis and orient it for a de-orbit burn by aligning the level indicator on the navball with the chartreuse yellow [[Navball#Prograde_and_retrograde|retrograde marker]]. Now burn until the periapsis is around 30 km. Discard the engine and fuel tank by staging, leaving only the command pod with its heat shield and parachute. | ||
| + | |||
| + | If fuel is scarce, any periapsis below 70 km will eventually result in de-orbiting. However, it may take many passes through the atmosphere before the vehicle finally slows down enough. | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===Re-entry=== | ||
| + | During re-entry into the atmosphere, the capsule will heat up and lose speed. Keep the level indicator aligned with the retrograde marker to let the heat shield take the brunt of the heat. | ||
| + | |||
| + | Wait until the capsule's speed drops below 200 m/s, and deploy the parachute. | ||
| + | |||
| + | {{Tutorials}} | ||
Revision as of 23:20, 22 August 2017
Template:Caution/es Este tutorial describe un perfil de lanzamiento simple para poner un vehículo en órbita sobre Kerbin, y regresar.
Contents
Especificaciones
- Duración: 15–20 minutos
- Dificultad: Más difícil que un vuelo suborbital, más fácil que un intercepto orbital.
- Habilidades necesarias: Improvisación
- Para la versión: 1.0.2
Diseño del cohete
El cohete debe ser preferiblemente de combustible líquido con al menos dos etapas. Un ejemplo de un cohete para orbitar tripulado:
- Command Pod Mk1
- Mk16 Parachute
- Heat_Shield_(1.25m)
- TR-18A Stack Decoupler
- FL-T400 Fuel Tank
- LV-909 Liquid Fuel Engine
- Another TR-18A Stack Decoupler
- FL-T800 Fuel Tank
- LV-T30 Liquid Fuel Engine
Para asegurarse que la secuencia de las etapas es correcta, echa un vistazo a la guía de Rocket Staging.
Pasos para orbitar y regresar
Preparación del lanzamiento
- Ajusta el acelerador al máximo pulsando Z.
- Activa el SAS pulsando T.
- Pulsa M para ir a la vista de mapa. Inclina la vista hasta que estés mirando hacia abajo y veas el Polo Norte de Kerbin, así tendrás una vista clara del arco de trayectoria hacia el este y de la etiqueta del apoapsis.
- Vuelve a la vista normal pulsando M para disfrutar el espectáculo del lanzamiento.
Acelerar hasta 100 m/s
Despega pulsando la barra espaciadora y mantén el cohete apuntando hacia arriba hasta alcanzar la velocidad de 100 m/s. Usa la bola de navegación para mantener el indicador de nivel centrado en el hemisferio azul.
Pitch 10 degrees East
When the rocket's speed reaches 100 m/s, start a gravity turn by pressing the D key until the rocket is pitched 10 degrees towards the East. The heading ("HDG") on the Navball should now be 90 degrees.
While the rocket accelerates, gravity will bend the trajectory downwards. On the Navball this can be observed as the Prograde marker dropping further down. Follow it by keeping the level indicator within the circle of the prograde marker at all times especially while in the lower atmosphere, but at about 30km the reaction wheels should be able to compensate. If craft nears the apoapsis too fast, which can be seen in a dropping time to apoapsis, it might be necessary to point “above” the prograde marker, away from the brown half.
Throttle back at 300 m/s
Throttle back with Ctrl when the rocket's speed approaches 300 m/s. Maintain a constant 300 m/s for a while by throttling up and down with Ctrl/Shift.
Resume accelerating at full throttle when the rocket gets to 10 km altitude where the air is thinner.
Stage
The fuel of the first stage will run out before 20km altitude. Hit the space bar to discard it and to activate the second stage. Continue to accelerate at full throttle.
Hit M to switch to map view. Click the Navball toggle at the bottom of the screen to make it visible again. Continue to watch the Navball and steer the rocket to keep it aligned it with prograde.
Get apoapsis above 70 km
In map view, hover the mouse over the "AP" label on the highest point of the trajectory to monitor the apoapsis height; cut off the engine with X when it reaches 70 km (70,000 meters).
Let the rocket coast towards apoapsis after cutting off the engine.
Get periapsis above 70 km
As the rocket approaches apoapsis, orient it once more to align with the prograde marker. At 30 seconds before apoapsis, reignite the engine at full throttle with Z. The apoapsis will begin to shift ahead; aim to keep it roughly the same amount of time ahead by throttling up or down with Shift and Control.
The projected trajectory will begin to widen until the PE label appears on the other side of the planet. A stable orbit will be reached when both apoapsis and periapsis are above 70 km.
De-orbiting
Wait until the craft is at apoapsis and orient it for a de-orbit burn by aligning the level indicator on the navball with the chartreuse yellow retrograde marker. Now burn until the periapsis is around 30 km. Discard the engine and fuel tank by staging, leaving only the command pod with its heat shield and parachute.
If fuel is scarce, any periapsis below 70 km will eventually result in de-orbiting. However, it may take many passes through the atmosphere before the vehicle finally slows down enough.
Re-entry
During re-entry into the atmosphere, the capsule will heat up and lose speed. Keep the level indicator aligned with the retrograde marker to let the heat shield take the brunt of the heat.
Wait until the capsule's speed drops below 200 m/s, and deploy the parachute.
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